To prevent moving shadows being misclassified as moving objects or parts of moving objects, this paper presents an explicit method for detection of moving cast shadows on a dominating scene background. Those shadows are generated by objects moving between a light source and the background. Moving cast shadows cause a frame difference between two succeeding images of a monocular video image sequ...

We design an algorithm based on illuminant invariance theory to find shadow regions in a colour image. Shadows are caused by a local change in both the colour and the intensity of illumination. Using both chromaticity and intensity cues, an illuminant discontinuity measure is derived by which shadow edges can be locally identified. We model the problem of finding shadows by a Markov Random Fiel...

Many professional women educators make the transition from school settings to academe after significant graduate work in their field(s). This transition, which often occurs on a mid- late-career trajectory, places such individuals within liminal spaces many levels as they inevitably must navigate unfamiliar, alien, territory that frequently does not recognize or respect experiences with enter n...

i n the past decades, the effect of different tax amendments on various economic issues has been studied. the majority of these studies have avoided considering shadow economy as part of the calculation and analysis, and an issue, which has received little attention, is the relationship between green tax reforms and shadow economy, as for informal labor, which is well-connected to unemployment ...