Poorly water-soluble and photosensitive pesticide compounds are difficult to formulate as solvent-free nanoformulations with high efficacy. A avermectin solid nanodispersion with a mean particle size of 188 nm was developed by microprecipitation and lyophilisation techniques. The suspensibility and wetting time of the solid nanodispersion in water were 99.8% and 13 s, respectively, superior to ...

The macrocyclic lactones are the biggest selling and arguably most effective anthelmintics currently available. They are good substrates for the P-glycoproteins, which might explain their selective toxicity for parasites over their vertebrate hosts. Changes in the expression of these pumps have been implicated in resistance to the macrocyclic lactones, but it is clear that they exert their anth...

With the widespread use of avermectins (AVMs) for managing parasitic and agricultural pests, the resistance of worms and insects to AVMs has emerged as a serious threat to human health and agriculture worldwide. The reduced penetration of AVMs is one of the main reasons for the development of the resistance to the chemicals. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we us...

Emamectin benzoate (MK-0244) is a novel semi-synthetic derivative of the natural product abamectin in the avermectin family of 16-membered macrocylic lactones. This epi-methyl amino derivative has unprecedented potency against a broad spectrum of lepidopterous pests with LC90values ranging between 0.001–0.02 ug/ml in ingestion-based foliar spray assays. Emamectin benzoate is ca. 1,500-fold more...

A comprehensive analysis was done to evaluate the potential use of anti-parasitic macrocyclic lactones (including avermectins and milbemycins) for Buruli ulcer (BU) therapy. A panel containing nearly all macrocyclic lactones used in human or in veterinary medicine was analyzed for activity in vitro against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium ulcerans. Milbemycin oxime and selamectin were the mos...

In this study, a fast, concise and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence (UHPLC/FLD) detection method for simultaneous quantification of avermectins (AVMs), including avermectin (AVM), ivermectin (IVM), emamectin (EMM), moxidectin (MOX) doramectin (DOR) in six aquatic foods was established. Based on the QuEChERS pretreatment method, samples were extracted with 0.2% ...

The ionotropic ?-aminobutyric acid (iGABA) receptor is commonly considered as a fast inhibitory channel and an important insecticide target. Since 1990, RDL, LCCH3, GRD have been successively isolated found to be potential subunits of the insect iGABA receptor. More recently, one orphan gene named 8916 was another subunit according its amino sequence. However, little information about has repor...

Dioctophimosis is an endoparasitism in dogs caused by Dioctophyma renale, a nematode with indirect life cycle and high zoonotic potential. Infection occurs through ingestion of transitional/paratenic hosts containing infective larvae. The preferred site parasitism the right kidney, although parasite may also be ectopically localized subcutaneous tissue, internal organs, peritoneum, mediastinum....