A better understanding of autonomic influence on motor reflex pathways in spinal cord injury is important to the clinical management of autonomic dysreflexia and spasticity in spinal cord injured patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the modulation of flexor reflex windup during episodes of induced sympathetic activity in chronic human spinal cord injury (SCI). We simultaneously me...

Objective To investigate the prevalence of autonomic dysreflexia (AD) using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and the autonomic dysfunction following spinal cord injury (ADFSCI) questionnaire in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) above T6. Methods Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with SCI above T6 were enrolled. ABPM and ADFSCI were utilized to assess AD. Using ABPM, systolic blo...

Measuring recovery of function after central nervous system injury is an important aspect of experimental models of brain and spinal cord injury. Our laboratory has been focused on developing models, especially for spinal cord injury, for many years. The purpose of the models is to mimic the neurological condition in humans and to provide a test ground for evaluating treatments which then could...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has serious long-term consequences on sympathetic cardiovascular regulation. Orthostatic intolerance results from insufficient baroreflex regulation (BR) of sympathetic outflow to maintain proper blood pressure upon postural changes. Autonomic dysreflexia occurs due to insufficient inhibition of spinal sources of sympathetic activity. Both of these conditions result fro...

Electronic institutions (EIs) define the rules of the game in agent societies by fixing what agents are permitted and forbidden to do and under what circumstances. Autonomic Electronic Institutions (AEIs) adapt their regulations to comply with their goals despite coping with varying populations of self-interested external agents. This paper presents a self-adaptation model based on Case-Based R...

BACKGROUND Some paraplegic patients may wish undergo some surgical procedures, like urological procedures, without anesthesia. However, these patients can develop autonomic hyperreflexia if cystoscopy is performed without anesthesia. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of severe autonomic hyperreflexia in a 44-year-old male with spinal cord injury at the level of T4 during urologic procedure ...