A trend towards the abandonment of obtaining pure culture isolates in frontline laboratories is at a crossroads with the ability of public health agencies to perform their basic mandate of foodborne disease surveillance and response. The implementation of culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) including nucleic acid and antigen-based assays for acute gastroenteritis is leaving public heal...

In requirement engineering, it is a very important issue to generate test cases with natural language automatically. However, no case tools deal informal Korean specifications. the military software system and airspace industrial area, strongly suggested automatically make just 30% of all possible requirements. Unlike previous approaches, we adapted Gary E. Mogyorodi’s cause-effect graphing app...

This report describes a fully automatic placement tool for PCBs (printed circuit boards), nap (nonhierarchical automatic placement) that combines approaches from several different placement heuristics developed both for PCB and VLSI chip placement. Although the problem of placement for a PCB can be abstractly cast into the same formalism as the problem of VLSI cell placement, a practical tool m...