BACKGROUND Marked reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality have occurred in the United States over the last 50 years. We tested the hypothesis that the relative burden of CVD attributable to diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased over the past 5 decades. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants aged 45 to 64 years from the Framingham Heart Study, who attended examinations in a...

BACKGROUND Despite the fact that suicide is an important public health problem, the etiology is still not well understood. Especially lacking is a societal-level approach that takes into account the extent to which several risk factor domains are attributable to new onset of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). METHODS Data stem from a cross-sectional population study of the non-institution...

tributors to the decline in the number of cases of acute diarrhea in children after the tsunami. Although out-migration of island residents or a reduction in case detection after the tsunami also could have contributed to the observed decline in cases of diarrhea, no largescale migration was reported during the period, and disease surveillance systems were in fact strengthened after the tsunami...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Smoking, hypertension, alcohol consumption, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and positive family history for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are well-known risk factors for SAH. For effective prevention, knowledge about the contribution of these risk factors to the overall occurrence of SAH in the general population is pivotal. We therefore investigated...

Alcohol consumption has long been recognized as a risk factor for mortality. By combining data on alcohol per capita consumption, alcohol-drinking status and alcohol-drinking patterns, risk relationships, and mortality, the Comparative Risk Assessment Study estimated alcohol-attributable mortality for 1990 and 2010. Alcohol-attributable cancer, liver cirrhosis, and injury were responsible for t...

BACKGROUND The present study aimed to provide information on awareness of the attributable fraction of cancer causes among the Japanese general population. METHODS A nationwide representative sample of 2,000 Japanese aged 20 or older was asked about their perception and level of concern about various environmental and genetic risk factors in relation to cancer prevention, as a part of an Omni...

Background The etiology of infertility has direct influence on the plan and outcome of its management. In this paper we showed the effect of history of tuberculosis (TB) on female infertility among infertile couples admitted to Royan infertility management center. MaterialsAndMethods This case control study was performed on cases that were diagnosed with female infertility (308 women). Controls...

A population-based case-control study of renal cell cancer was conducted in Minnesota between 1988 and 1990. It included 690 histologically confirmed incident cases identified through the state cancer surveillance system, and 707 age and sex frequency-matched controls. In this paper, the authors present estimates of the proportion of renal cell cancer cases attributable (or population attributa...

disease attributable to individual risk factors were calculated, as described in chapter 25, using risk factor exposure and hazard estimates provided in risk factor chapters. Mortality and burden of disease attributable to individual risk factors were then calculated by multiplying the PAFs by the estimates of total mortality and burden of disease from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) databas...