The most influential approach of corporate governance, the view of shareholders’ supremacy does not take into consideration that the key task of modern corporations is to generate and transfer firm-specific knowledge. It proposes that, in order to overcome the widespread corporate scandals, the interests of top management and directors should be increasingly aligned to shareholder’ interests by...

Machine loading problem in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) encompasses various types of flexibility aspects pertaining to part selection and operation assignments. The evolution of flexible manufacturing systems offers great potential for increasing flexibility by ensuring both cost-effectiveness and customized manufacturing at the same time. This paper proposes a linear mathematical prog...

Public sector agencies are an important front in the day-to-day battle for political supremacy between the executive and the legislature. The executive’s key agents in this conflict are his appointees, who frequently play one of two roles: Congressional allies, where they help Congress implement policy and Congressional adversaries, where they fight with Congress to shift policy strongly toward...

Most of the research in comparative corporate governance has, implicitly or explicitly, taken the US as benchmark. But recent corporate scandals, such as Enron and Worldcom, question this alleged supremacy. What went wrong? In this chapter we claim that the problem is not just lack of appropriate disclosure or legislation, but a more fundamental one: deficient incentives for the media to expose...

particular factors play major roles in the development of urban tourism. cities with a plethora of tourist attractions and facilities often attract a large number of tourists. therefore, to pave the ground for developing urban tourism facilities, first it is essential to identify attractions and resources and then to assess and prioritize them. the existence of various attractions and the geogr...

new concepts have formed in transition of traditional urban planning concept that their essence refers to sociology and even psychology and so has made urban planning interdisciplinary concept, could be titled social capital and sense of place and participation. in fact places have two aspects, material and immaterial and can form emotional feeling among its residents. these feeling which led t...