Spectral vegetation indices obtained from satellite sensors have been used to measure and monitor the Earth’s vegetative cover from local, regional, to global scales. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has been the most widely-used index and shown to correlate with green leaf area index, green biomass, and net primary productivity. The NDVI from the two sensors, National Oceanic ...

Upon comparison of results obtained from growing eight different species of anaerobic bacteria in deep agar under two and three atm of pure oxygen with results of growing them in air under atomospheric pressure, it appears possible that the old terms of "microaerophobic," "very strict anaerobe," and "microaerophilic" can be replaced by precise values corresponding to the size of the inhibition ...

A high resolution partitioned wave hindcast of New Zealand waters is presented together with validation results against 9 buoy deployments that are representative the local climate. An analysis integrated and mean parameters was conducted a study correlation between height anomalies atmospheric indices. directional spatial also performed to identify quantify systems not detectable by in situ bu...

carbon sequestration in soil, leaf and litter of three tree species, viz. eucalyptuscamaldulensis, prosopisjuliflora and ziziphus spina-christi, plantation was investigated in the dehloran city, iran. results showed that the amount of sequestered c in leaf, litter and soil was significantly different among these species. the highest amount of sequestrated c was in leaf and the lowest amount in ...

We introduce the Stokes scintillation indices and corresponding overall scintillations for quantitatively studying fluctuations of both intensity polarization an optical vector beam transmitting through atmospheric turbulence. With aid multiple-phase-screen method, we examine a radially polarized in Kolmogorov turbulence numerically. The results show that distribution is always larger than pola...

This article presents research into the meteorological conditions underpinning development of night thunderstorms in Poland. The main objective was thus to identify synoptic situations favouring nocturnal thunderstorms, as well determine which convection indices are greatest relevance forecasts this type thunderstorm. detailed here carried out by analysing cloud-to-ground lightning flashes regi...

Globally mapped terrestrial chlorophyll fluorescence retrievals are of high interest because they can provide information on the functional status of vegetation including light-use efficiency and global primary productivity that can be used for global carbon cycle modeling and agricultural applications. Previous satellite retrievals of fluorescence have relied solely upon the filling-in of sola...

Climate forcing in complex ecosystems can have profound implications for ecosystem sustainability and may thus challenge a precautionary ecosystem management. Climatic influences documented to affect various ecological functions on a global scale, may themselves be observed on quantitative or qualitative scales including regime shifts in complex marine ecosystems. This study investigates the po...

[1] A three‐dimensional large‐eddy simulation with size‐resolved ice microphysics was used to model persistent contrails and compute their optical depth and area coverage. Eleven cases were run with various levels of vertical wind shear, aircraft type, relative humidity, ice nuclei effective emission index, and atmospheric stability and were analyzed with respect to their fluid dynamics and ice...