A process model of the soil-tree-atmosphere continuum, which treats the plant physiology, eco-physiology and vegetation structures in detail, needs to describe the dynamics of the water flow within this continuum. The concept of a soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) (Philip, 1966) was first described by Huber (1924). In such a continuum, the removal of water lowers the water potential in the...

Activated carbons were obtained by phosphoric acid activation of a mixture of fruit stones (apricot and peach) in two different atmospheres (argon and air) at various temperatures in the 400–1000oC range. The evolution of several characteristic parameters of the resulting carbons (bulk density, yield, BET surface area, ultramicropore, supermicropore and mesopore volumes and cation-exchange capa...

[1] Documentation of the effects of clouds on the radiant energy balance of the surface and atmosphere represents a shortcoming in the set of observations that are needed to ascertain the validity of climate model simulations. While clouds are known to cool the climate system from top of atmosphere (TOA) radiation budget studies, the redistribution of energy between the surface and atmosphere a...

Microbial taxa from every major biological lineage have been detected in Earth's upper atmosphere. The goal of this review is to communicate (1) relevant astrobiology questions that can be addressed with upper atmosphere microbiology studies and (2) available sampling methods for collecting microbes at extreme altitudes. Precipitation, mountain stations, airplanes, balloons, rockets, and satell...

The improvement of quality and the shelf life of veal by combination of 80%O2/20%CO2 modified atmosphere packaging and superficial spraying with 0.02% dihydroquercetin solutions was studied. The control samples C, air packaged only, D, air packaged sprayed by 0.02% dihydroquercetin solution, MAP, modified atmosphere packaging only, BMAP, modified atmosphere packaging sprayed by 0.02% butylated ...

We consider a model for atmospheric circulation based on the Euler equations for a compressible gas. We consider two hydrostatic base solutions depending on height, one with constant temperature and one isentropic with constant temperature gradient or lapse rate. We argue that these solutions represent solutions with maximal and minimal turbulent dissipation with the observed real lapse rate so...

The Sun is a source of high energy neutrinos (E ∼ 10 GeV) produced by cosmic ray interactions in the solar atmosphere. We study the impact of three-flavor oscillations (in vacuum and in matter) on solar atmosphere neutrinos, and calculate their observable fluxes at Earth, as well as their event rates in a kilometer-scale detector in water or ice. We find that peculiar three-flavor oscillation e...

The Cassini spacecraft has been in orbit around Saturn since 30 June 2004, yielding a wealth of data about the Saturn system. This review focuses on the atmosphere and magnetosphere and briefly outlines the state of our knowledge after the Cassini prime mission. The mission has addressed a host of fundamental questions: What processes control the physics, chemistry, and dynamics of the atmosphe...

A facility was constructed for the study of waterentry, water-exit, and underwater trajectory behavior of small momentum-propelled missiles for varied trajectory launching angles, missile accelerations and velocities, wave fields and condi tions of cavitation. A unique feature is the electromagnetic missile propulsion system. The facility is made principally of non-magnetic and electrically non...