This paper deals with niphatid sponges from the coast of the Bahia State, northeastern coast of the Brazilian shelf (southwestern Atlantic). Two new species are described, Amphimedon estelae sp. nov. and Niphates luizae sp. nov. A taxonomic study of those samples is given, including description and illustrations. Both species were compared with their congeners present in the Atlantic Ocean.

[1] The annual and interannual variations of sea level pressure (SLP) over the Southern Ocean are investigated using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1968 to 2005. Results show that the weakening of the Semiannual Oscillation (SAO) has continued to present day but does not occur homogeneously across all longitudes. While the second harmonic of SLP has decreased over the South Pacific Ocean, i...

A new, high-resolution record of sea surface temperature from the subtropical western North Atlantic documents a series of abrupt coolings within marine isotope stage 5 which can be objectively correlated with marine-core evidence for increased ice-sheet discharge at subpolar latitudes and reduced North Atlantic deep water formation. These results indicate that ice-sheet forcing of deep ocean c...

This ms describes a dataset collected during 4 quasi-meridianal cruises from 19951999, bisecting the Atlantic Ocean as part of the LATITUD project. While there were some differences in sampling design, cruises generally followed a diagonal pattern across the Atlantic Basin from the coast of Africa to the coast of South America. Surface waters were sampled at from 10-34 stations per cruise. Incu...

[1] Significant changes of the thermohaline circulation (THC) are likely to cause abrupt climate change. Here we intend to find a simple measure to detect changes in THC through examining several factors proposed to control the THC variations using a coupled climate model. These factors are equatorial-South Atlantic upper ocean temperature, Southern Ocean freshening, inter-basin sea surface sal...

Proxy records of temperature from the Atlantic clearly show that the Younger Dryas was an abrupt climate change event during the last deglaciation, but records of hydroclimate are underutilized in defining the event. Here we combine a new hydroclimate record from Palawan, Philippines, in the tropical Pacific, with previously published records to highlight a difference between hydroclimate and t...

Although sulfur is an essential element for marine primary production and critical for climate processes, little is known about the oceanic pool of nonvolatile dissolved organic sulfur (DOS). We present a basin-scale distribution of solid-phase extractable DOS in the East Atlantic Ocean and the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Although molar DOS versus dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) rat...

[1] Anthropogenic change of the Atlantic meridional ocean heat transport (AOHT) is diagnosed from a large ensemble of climate simulations over the period 1940– 2080, as well as its relation to changes in the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and the gyre circulation in the Atlantic. Internal variability in AOHT is closely associated with MOC variability. The anthropogenic change in AOHT,...

A more comprehensive understanding of how ocean temperatures influence coc co lithophorid production of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) will make it easier to constrain the effect of ocean acidification in the future. We studied the effect of temperature on Emiliania huxleyi PIC production in the Barents Sea using ocean colour remote sensing data. Gross annual PIC production was calculated f...

To predict the impacts of climate change it is essential to understand how anthropogenic change alters the balance between atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial reservoirs of carbon. It has been estimated that natural atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are almost 200 ppm lower than they would be without the transport of organic material produced in the surface ocean to depth, an ecosystem service d...