We present gridded sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) for the Atlantic basin (45 °S–60°N) as averages over the period AD1790–1825, based on early-instrumental SST data. The original measurements were compiled by Major James Rennell and made by numerous British naval vessels on behalf of the British Admiralty. We describe the digitization of this dataset and the reconstruction of spatially coherent...

[1] A biogeochemical general circulation model is used to assess the impact of climate variability from 1992 to 2006 on air-sea CO2 fluxes and ocean surface pCO2 in the North Atlantic and to understand trends in the North Atlantic carbon sink over this time period. The model indicates that the North Atlantic carbon sink increased from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. Consistent with observations...

Scant scientific attention has been given to the abundance and distribution of marine biota in the face of the lower sea level, and steeper latitudinal gradient in climate, during the ice-age conditions that have dominated the past million years. Here we examine the glacial persistence of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) populations using two ecological-niche-models (ENM) and the first broad synthes...

We have determined the latitudinal distribution of Trichodesmium spp. abundance and community N2 fixation in the Atlantic Ocean along a meridional transect from ca. 30 N to 30 S in November–December 2007 and April–May 2008. The observations from both cruises were highly consistent in terms of absolute magnitude and latitudinal distribution, showing a strong association between Trichodesmium abu...

Two common indicators of Atlantic climate variability, viz., the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) and the crossintertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) sea surface temperature (SST) gradient, are examined for their frequency characteristics and midlatitude-tropical links. SST anomalies north and south of the ITCZ are found to be uncorrelated on all time scales, while the sea level pressure (SLP) f...

[1] Benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope ratios from two sediment cores recovered at 426 and 1299 m water depth in the eastern and western tropical Atlantic show that a slowdown of the thermohaline circulation (THC) during Heinrich event H1 and the Younger Dryas was accompanied by rapid and intense warming of intermediate depth waters. Millennial-scale covariations of low paleosalinities in the...

Knowledge of the scale of dispersal and the mechanisms governing gene flow in marine environments remains fragmentary despite being essential for understanding evolution of marine biota and to design management plans. We use the limpets Patella ulyssiponensis and Patella rustica as models for identifying factors affecting gene flow in marine organisms across the North-East Atlantic and the Medi...

Variations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are believed to be an important driver of decadal to multi-decadal climate variability (e.g. Sutton and Hodson 2005; Knight et al. 2005; Zhang and Delworth 2006; Álvarez-Garcia et al. 2008; Seager et al. 2010; Semenov et al. 2010; Mahajan et al. 2011, for a recent review see Srokosz et al. 2012). In particular, it has been sug...

-The Atlantic sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, is a small coastal shark that is harvested in both directed and nondirected fisheries throughout its range. Because pups of this species are found both along the southeastern U.S. Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico, it is possible that multiple isolated breeding stocks exist. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis ofmitoch...

The early Late Pliocene (3.6 to ∼3.0 million years ago) is the last extended interval in Earth's history when atmospheric CO2 concentrations were comparable to today's and global climate was warmer. Yet a severe global glaciation during marine isotope stage (MIS) M2 interrupted this phase of global warmth ∼3.30 million years ago, and is seen as a premature attempt of the climate system to estab...