There is preliminary evidence that athletes involved in high-intensity sports for sustained periods have a higher probability of experiencing a prolonged second stage of labour compared to non-athletes. The mechanisms responsible for these differences are not clear, although it is postulated that muscle hypertrophy and increased muscle tone in athletes may contribute to difficulties in vaginal ...

Research question According to past research, the effectiveness of athlete endorsements advertised products is low on average and strongly depends context. This article extends source attractiveness model examine two research questions: (1) How do multiple unexplored types an endorser’s affect customer equity drivers? (2) these effects vary by fit endorser with endorsed product consumer’s gende...

BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by "noncaseating granulomas" in different organs. Clinical signs are variable and dependent on the organ involved. Although it is often asymptomatic in athletes, considering the high level of athletic performance and the related risks due to the potential heart involvement, a particular diagnostic ...

BACKGROUND Female college basketball and soccer athletes have higher rates of anterior cruciate ligament injury than do their male counterparts. Rates of anterior cruciate ligament injuries for women and men in collegiate lacrosse have not been examined. Understanding anterior cruciate ligament injury patterns in lacrosse, a full-contact sport for men and noncontact sport for women, could furth...

Sports training is a process of sports improvement, guided by scientific and especially pedagogical principles, the purpose which to bring athlete high record-breaking results in this sport through planned systematic effect on capabilities preparedness athlete. The causes overexertion syndrome can be changes individual athletes. There are different ways myocardial adaptation processes. less tra...

The aim of this study is to examine the attachment styles in relationships between coach and individual team sports athlete. Attachment are related how people interact with other they influenced by their experiences. may vary stability later a person’s life. Because this, it possible that athletes, coaches or educators can be each environments. Relations coach-athlete/athlete-coach very importa...

Background: Prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) among college-aged athletes has risen in recent years. Although measures exist for assessing EDs, these measures have not been thoroughly reviewed in athletes. This study reviewed the validity and reliability evidence of the commonly used measures for assessing EDs in athlete populations aged 18e26 years. Methods: Databases were searched for stud...

the aim of this study was to compare the satisfaction from body areas and social - physique anxiety in islamic azad university students. for this purpose, 424 athlete and non-athlete undergraduate students completed body areas satisfaction scale (bass) and seven-item social - physique anxiety scale (7-spas). results of multivariate analysis of covariance (mancova) showed that while sport (indiv...

The physiological consequences of ultra-endurance cross-country skiing in cold conditions are poorly known. We report here clinical, echocardiographic and laboratory findings from a 41-y old male elite skier in a world record trial for 24-h skiing. The athlete completed a total of 406.8 km outdoors with the temperature ranging between -24°C and -5°C during the 24-h period. Post exercise, notabl...