Astragalus, as the largest genus of flowering plants, is well-known for its high species richness and morphological diversity. Previous studies suggested that many subgenera Astragalus are not monophyletic phylogenetic relationships within still poorly known. In this study, we sampled 117 accessions close relatives, covering 55 sections plus 30 outgroup taxa to recover main clades eastern Asian...

One new, 3-O-[[[-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-3beta,22alpha,24-trihydroxyolean-12-ene and two known triterpenoid saponins, 3-O-[[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-3beta,22beta,24-trihydroxyolean-12-ene (azukisaponin V) and 3,16-di-O-beta-D-gluco...

There have been significant advances on formal methods and tools to verify real-time systems recently. Nevertheless, these methods have not yet been accepted as a realistic alternative to the verification of industrial systems. One reasons for this is that formal methods are still difficult to apply efficiently. Another reason is that even though being more efficient than previous ones, verific...