During periods of heavy exercise training and competition, lipid, protein, and nucleic molecules can become damaged due to an overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) within the exercising organism. As antioxidants can prevent and delay cellular oxidative damage through removing, deactivating, and preventing the formation of RONS, supplementation with exogenous antioxidant ...

The PII signaling protein is a key protein for controlling nitrogen assimilatory reactions in most organisms, but little information is reported on PII proteins of green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Since H. pluvialis cells can produce a large amount of astaxanthin upon nitrogen starvation, its PII protein may represent an important factor on elevated production of Haematococcus astaxanth...

Astaxanthin and peridinin, two typical carotenoids of marine microalgae, and lycopene were incorporated in phosphatidylcholine multilamellar liposomes and tested as inhibitors of lipid oxidation. Contrarily to peridinin results, astaxanthin strongly reduced lipid damage when the lipoperoxidation promoters-H(2)O(2), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-ButOOH) or ascorbate-and Fe(2+):EDTA were added simu...

Column (CC), thin-layer (TLC), high-performance liquid (HPLC) and ion-exchange chromatography (IEC), were used to investigate corotenoid and carotenoprotein complexes in Asellus aquaticus specimens from the Narew river. The following carotenoids were found: alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, diadinoxanthin, mutatoxanthin, crustaxanthin, echinenone, hydroxyech...

Three different experiments were conducted to study the effect of dietary astaxanthin on the immune response, resistance to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and transcription of antioxidant enzyme genes in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Each experiment included one triplicate treatment group (fed with 80 mg/kg astaxanthin supplemented diet) and one triplicate control group (fed with...

This study aims to formulate and evaluate the preparation of an anti-aging cream made from astaxanthin. Astaxanthin has antioxidant activity, as well other carotenoid compounds. shows more significant activity than ?-carotene; thus,developing astaxanthin compounds in preparations is necessary. type experimental laboratory research compares three different concentrations compounds, including for...

Several echinoderms, including sea urchins, are valuable sources of bioactive compounds but their nutraceutical potential is largely unexplored. In fact, the gonads of some sea urchin species contain antioxidants including carotenoids and polyhydroxylated naphthoquinones (PHNQ's), such as echinochrome A. Astaxanthin is known to have particular bioactivity for the prevention of neurodegenerative...

AIM To assess radioprotective activity of astaxanthin toward radiation-induced in vitro cytogenetic effects in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). MATERIALS AND METHODS PBL from the cleanup workers exposed to ionizing radiation at high doses in 1986 during accident on Chornobyl nuclear power plant and who were diagnosed with acute radiation sickness of the first and second degrees, were...

Both biomass dominated green vegetative cells (GV) and astaxanthin-dominated orange resting cells (OR) affect the final astaxanthin yield in industry. Examination of Haematococcus pluvialis revealed that the OR cells greatly varied from the GV cells at both cellular and subcellular levels. In particular, the thylakoid membranes in the OR were disassembled and fragmented. Furthermore, the OR con...