the drb3 gene is a highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii gene and plays an important role in variability of immune responsiveness and disease resistance. in the present study, the mhc class ii drb3 gene in water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) populations from northwest regions of iran was investigated through pcr-sscp. genomic dna was extracted from whole blood samples c...

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a very dangerous livestock disease which causes a serious loss in the production of milk and meat. Therefore, producing an effective recombinant subunit vaccine virus this disease is of great importance. Transient gene expression is a valuable tool to reach rapid and acceptable recombinant vaccine. An Agrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression assay was car...

Background:Potyvirus-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is used for knocking down the expression of a target gene in numerous plant species. Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is a monopartite, positive single strand RNA virus. Objectives:pBINTRA6 vector was modified by inserting a gene segment of SCMV in place of Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) genome part 1 (TRV1 or RNA1)...

Background: Male infertility is a Multifactorial syndrome encompassing a wide variety of disorders. In more than half of infertile men, the cause of their infertility is unknown (idiopathic) and could be congenital or acquired. Globozoospermia, also called round-headed spermatozoa, is a rare disease with incidence< 0.1% among male infertile patients. The most prominent feature of globozoospermi...

introduction oculocutaneous albinism (oca) is a genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive genetic disorder that is characterized by reduced or completely absent pigmentation in the hair, skin, and eyes. conclusions a novel homozygous mutation, the deletion of exons 1 - 5 on the tyr gene, was found on the molecular genetic testing of this patient. exon 1 - 5 deletion on tyr causes a lack of ...

 Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the second most common lethal autosomal recessive disease. It is a neuromuscular disorder caused by degenerative of lower motor neurons and occasionally bulbar neurons leading to progressive limb paralysis and muscular atrophy. The SMN1 gene is recognized as a SMA causing gene while NAIP has been characterized as a modifying factor for the clinical ...

objective: in an attempt to develop safer and more effective gene therapy approaches as a realistic treatment for various forms of cancer, researchers are increasingly using tumor-specific promoters (tsp) to drive the expression of the gene of interest and eradicate cancer cells. in this study, for the first time we introduce the oct-4 promoter as a cancer-specific promoter with a high efficacy...

3,4- Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "Ecstasy") is a psychoactive and hallucinogenic drug of abuse. MDMA has been shown to produce neurotoxicity both in animals and humans. Recently, the vasodilator drugs such as pentoxifylline is one of the new strategies which have been considered as neuroprotector. In this study effect of pentoxifylline on bcl-2 gene expression changes in hippocampus ...

background: sequence variations in glycoproteins of influenza virus surface impel us to design new candidate vaccines yearly. ectodomain of influenza m2 protein is a surface and highly conserved protein. m2e in influenza vaccines may eliminate the need for changing vaccine formulation every year. objectives: in this study, a recombinant baculovirus containing m2e and cholera toxin subunit b fus...