The phenomenon of male pregnancy in the family Syngnathidae (seahorses, pipefishes, and sea dragons) undeniably has sculpted the course of behavioral evolution in these fishes. Here we explore another potentially important but previously unrecognized consequence of male pregnancy: a predisposition for sympatric speciation. We present microsatellite data on genetic parentage that show that seaho...

We show that the dearth of brown dwarfs in short-period orbits around Solar-mass stars – the brown dwarf desert – can be understood as a consequence of inward migration within an evolving protoplanetary disc. Brown dwarf secondaries forming at the same time as the primary star have masses which are comparable to the initial mass of the protoplanetary disc. Subsequent disc evolution leads to inw...

Intermittent high-amplitude structures emerge in a damped and driven discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation whose solutions transport both energy and particles from sources to sinks. These coherent structures are necessary for any solution that has statistically stationary transport properties.

This paper describes a framework by which creative systems can intentionally exhibit transformational creativity. Intentions are derived from surprising events in a process based on specific curiosity. We argue that autonomy of intent is achieved when a creative system directs its generative processes based on knowledge learnt from within its creative domain, and develop a framework to elaborat...

In an experimental jejunal perfusion study, distress in healthy subjects occurred during eight out of 16 perfusions in which intestinal secretion was provoked. Calculation demonstrates the volumetric consequences of inadequate recovery of secretory perfusates, and analysis of the perfusion studies shows that distress was significantly associated with poor recovery of the perfusate. These observ...

The spatial and temporal variability of chemical signals in lavas, residues and melt inclusions provides important constraints on source heterogeneity, the efficiency of convection, and melt transport processes in the mantle. The past decade has seen an impressive increase in the number, precision and spatial resolution of chemical analyses. However, as resolution has increased, the picture of ...

When an effective method to halt the transmission of leprosy has finally been secured and implemented, we will then have the confidence to proclaim that disability as a sequela of leprosy will be confined to history. Until that ideal has been met we are compelled to concede that people will continue to be disabled by leprosy and that perhaps the optimal objective we can set is that the number o...

Three cases with intracranial lesions developed evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation which was confirmed at necropsy. The factors engendering this state, including release of potent thromboplastin from neural tissue are discussed and the danger of this intermediary mechanism of disease increasing the mortality of intracranial disease is demonstrated. Careful haematological investi...

Introduction Preeclampsia (preE) is pregnancy-induced hypertension affecting a significant proportion of pregnant women worldwide and can cause detrimental effects in the mother and newborn. Some of the effects in the newborn include neonatal thrombocytopenia. Pertaining specifically to neonatal thrombocytopenia, several questions remain unanswered. Discussion According to the current literatur...

Humans perform saccadic eye movements two to three times per second. When doing so, the nervous system strongly suppresses sensory feedback for extended periods of time in comparison to movement time. Why does the brain discard so much visual information? Here we suggest that perceptual suppression may arise from efficient sensorimotor computations, assuming that perception and control are fund...