Abstract The most common method used for gold processing in artisanal and small-scale mining is amalgamation using mercury as a extracting agent. Indonesia one of the countries that ratify Minamata Convention, meaning has agreed to reduce or even eliminate use mercury. Some methods replacing gold-extracting agent are cyanidation borax. research aims determine whether miners Pelangan still proce...

This paper explains the history of first ethical gold certification programme: Fairtrade and Fairmined Gold, launched in February 2011, its two successors. By presenting an overview key events that occurred UK Switzerland relating to these three leading schemes, it outlines trajectory relevance both countries up present day. material is then used explain why has survived but remained peripheral...

BACKGROUND Mercury (Hg) is used in gold mining to extract gold from ore by forming "amalgam"-a mixture composed of approximately equal parts mercury and gold. Approximately 15 million people, including approximately 3 million women and children, participate in artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in developing countries. Thirty-seven percent of global air emissions of Hg are produced by ASG...

Recently, there have been efforts by stakeholders to monitor illegal mining (galamsey) activities, foster their formalization and reclaim the many abandoned wastelands in Ghana. However, limited information exists on the locations, abundance, scope and scale of galamsey types, which hinders the development of effective policy response. This study attempts to map and analyze the distribution pat...

The Delphi technique is a means of facilitating discussion among experts in order to develop consensus, and can be used for policy formulation. This article describes a modified Delphi approach in which 27 multi-disciplinary academics and 22 stakeholders from Ghana and North America were polled about ways to address negative effects of small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Ghana. In early 2014, the...

Objectives: In artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) areas in many developing countries, mercury (Hg) is used to extract gold from ore. Data of 1250 participants from Indonesia, Mongolia, Philippines, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe were combined to analyze the relation between exposure in ASGM areas and body burden. Methods: Four groups were selected relating to their intensity of contact with mercu...