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When Jerusalem fell in the Battle of Hattin in 1187, a drastic shift occurred in Crusading mentality that had repercussions throughout Europe. Since the call of the First Crusade in 1095 by Pope Urban II, the fundamental motivator and goal of the movement was Jerusalem.AcrossWestern Europe, mobilization occurred in kings and peasants alike. Enthusiasm swept through the classes, leading to massi...

This article focuses on culture and rule of law in Indonesia, which provides an excellent case study in colonialism and post-colonialism. The colonial heritage of the Indonesian islands goes back to the early 1500s and lasted for approximately four centuries (Schultz 2002:144145) until independence was declared in August 1945 (GoGwilt 1996: 158). This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer i...

This piece examines situations in which judges are called upon to develop and modify the common law. By reference to a number of recent developments in the United Kingdom and Australia, namely the law of evidence and common law privilege, the right to privacy, and causation in the tort of negligence, the author elucidates the manner and extent to which judges have and are able to develop the la...

28 size spectra of extensive air showers in the knee region from 7 different experiment are analysed consistently. They are fitted by adjusting either 4 or 5 parameters: knee position, power law exponents above and below the knee region, overall intensity and, in addition, a parameter describing the smoothness of the bend. The residuals are then normalized to the same knee position and averaged...

This research investigates one of the first eGovernment services launched as part of Ireland’s Information Society programme, the Irish Land Registry’s implementation of their award winning Electronic Access (EAS) project. In-depth enquiries into how public sector organisations manage IT-enabled transformations have remained relatively limited and this case contributes to this emerging body of ...

The holy grail of obesity research is a simple, single solution that could stem the tide of this epidemic. But research we published in PLOS ONE today shows that this is an implausible, if not impossible, goal. Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details Jenkins, A. & Campbell, L. (2013). Genetic research shows single approach to obesity won't w...

The runaway breakdown – extensive atmospheric shower discharge (RB EAS) excited in thunderstorm atmosphere by high energy cosmic ray particles (εp > 10 − 10 eV) generate very powerful radio pulse. The RB EAS theory is compared with observations of radio pulses. An agreement between the theory and experiment is established. The existence of nowaday satellite and ground based systems which obtain...

We study the effect of quantum fluctuations on the multiphase point of the Heisenberg model with firstand second-neighbor competing interactions and strong uniaxial spin anisotropy D. By studying the structure of perturbation theory we show that the multiphase degeneracy which exists for S=∞ (i.e., for the axial nextnearest-neighbor Ising model) is lifted and that the effect of quantum fluctuat...