The foundation of surgical robotics is in the development of the robotic arm. This is a thorough review of the literature on the nature and development of this device with emphasis on surgical applications. We have reviewed the published literature and classified robotic arms by their application: show, industrial application, medical application, etc. There is a definite trend in the manufactu...

Introduction: Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor, may have various effects on the central nervous system via the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. Preclinical studies have shown the controversial effect of sildenafil on anxiety-like behavior in animals. This study was undertaken to investigate the acute effect of sildenafil on anxiety-like behavior...

introduction: sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 (pde5) inhibitor, may have various effects on the central nervous system via the nitric oxide (no)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp) pathway. preclinical studies have shown the controversial effect of sildenafil on anxiety-like behavior in animals. this study was undertaken to investigate the acute effect of sildenafil on anxiety-like behavior...

Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/mass spectrometry (MS) analysis was performed to investigate whether commercial Salvia cultivars available in the Japanese market contain salvinorin A (1), which is an hallucinogen present in magic mint (Salvia divinorum) prior to the regulation of S. divinorum by the Japanese Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. In addition, a previously reported method to...

We combined the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and fluorescence polarization (FP) to give a homogeneous genomic DNA genotype analysis method. Oligonucleotide probes labeled with the fluorescein dyes fluorescein isothiocyanate and 5-([4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl]amino)fluorescein and the rhodamine dye 6-carboxyrhodamine were included in amplification mixes and were annealed to PCR ...

Background: It is estimated that about 3,000 pregnancies in Iran are at risk for b-thalassemia each year. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of combination of ARMS/PCR and  RFLP/PCR techniques in prenatal diagnosis of b-thalassemia.Methods: Sixty-seven b-thalassemia carrier families were enrolled in this study. To analyze b-globin gene, amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS...

Much useful information of a quantitative nature can be obtained with redox-active proteins by anaerobic titration with reducing substrates or chemical reductants such as sodium dithionite. We have used successfully for many years anaerobic spectrophotometer cells equipped with either two or four side arms from which known amounts of titrant can be added (1). This technique gives only a limited...

OBJECTIVE Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) involves mechanical compression and irritation of the ulnar nerve (UN) caused by environmental and dynamic abnormalities that can however also be found in asymptomatic patients. Using high-resolution ultrasound, we aimed to assess and compare the relevance of morphological and dynamic variants of the UN and its surrounding structures (UN abnormaliti...