Background Ghana has witnessed rapid urban population growth over the past decades, which led to vast environmental, settlement, human, and ecological issues. It is therefore extremely important examine factors that influence in provide policy directions for policymakers. Objectives The article examines impact of financial inclusion on using three different measures inclusion. Methods We applie...

Abstract Classic panel data modelling has large cross section (N) and small time series (T). The aim of the study was to develop a type T > N by adding space-time effect ARDL model. basic idea combine between AR (Autoregressive), DL (Distributed Lag), ST (space-time) effect. model applied paddy producer price at farmer level in Java from January 2016 December 2019 where explanatory variable ...

This study examines the long-run relationship between carbon emissions and energy consumption, income and foreign trade in the case of China by employing time series data of 1975–2005. In particular the study aims at testing whether environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between CO2 emissions and per capita real GDP holds in the long run or not. Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) me...

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between carbon emissions, income, energy and total employment in selected OPEC countries for the period of 1971–2002. We mainly focus on the link between energy use and income. Employing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, we find that there is a cointegrating relationship between the variables in Saudi Arabia only. The long run for...

This paper examines the long run cointegrating relation and short run dynamics among carbon emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, financial development and openness to trade in Bangladesh by using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach of cointegration. Empirical results for Bangladesh over the period 1975-2010 suggest an evidence of a long-run rel...

In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the Kenya case of multivariate causality of carbon dioxide emissions by employing a time series data spanning from 1961-2011 using the ARDL method of cointegration analysis. The long-run elasticities show that, a 1% increase in financial development increases carbon dioxide emissions by 0.28%, a 1% increase in GDP per capita increases carbon dio...

The repetition of policy dynamics on Quantitative Easing (QE) and interest rate by Fed potentially cause fluctuations in the exchange rate, including Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to analyze determinants impacts shocks. Inflation (INF), Money Supply (LJUB), Open Market Operations (OPT), Foreign Exchange Reserves (LCD), Expected (LEHU) Interest Rates (SB) were used Rate (NT) through Auto...

This study attempts to examine the impact of financial sector reforms (proxied by interest rate liberalisation) on private investment in Malawi, using the ARDL bounds testing approach. The study is motivated by the conflicting results that have been reported in the literature in recent years on the efficacy of interest rate liberalisation in developing countries. The study seeks to answer one c...

This study analyses the relationship between the development of tourism industry (ARR) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in selected Asian countries namely Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, China and Hong Kong utilizing autoregresive distributed lag approach (ARDL.) This approach allows the usage of stationary data at various levels, i.e. I(1) and I(0) and may be applied on small sample size and...

This paper examines the causality between income inequality and crime in Malaysia for the period 1973-2003. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure is employed to (1) analyze the impact of income inequality on various categories of criminal activities as well as to (2) analyze the impact of various categories of criminal activities on income inequality. Interestingly our ...