1. The phrase [chewing khat] mentioned in the paper is a misnomer and should be replaced by "takhzeen al-qat" as chewing does not infer the exact meaning of what Yemeni people used to do. They used to do "takhzeen" which means in Arabic chewing and storing of qat for several hours. Therefore, the Arabic word takhzeen is used to properly describe this habit1. And the word qat with letter "q" is ...

This paper proposes a holistic lexicon-reduction method for ancient and modern handwritten Arabic documents. The word shape is represented by the weighted topological signature vector (W-TSV), which encodes graph data into a low-dimensional vector space. Three directed acyclic graph (DAG) representations are proposed for Arabic word shapes, based on topological and geometrical features. Lexicon...

This paper provides a novel model enhances the Arabic OCR degraded text retrieval effectiveness. The model simulates the Arabic OCR recognition mistakes happens while the recognition process based on word based approach. Then using the expected OCR errors the model expands the user search query. The resulting expanded search query produced higher precision and recall in searching Arabic OCRDegr...

An offline recognition system for Arabic handwritten words is presented. The recognition system is based on a semi-continuous 1-dimensional HMM. From each binary word image normalization parameters were estimated. First height, length, and baseline skew are normalized, then features are collected using a sliding window approach. This paper presents these methods in more detail. Some parameters ...

Automatic recognition of spoken alphabets is one of the difficult tasks in the field of computer speech recognition. In this research, spoken Arabic alphabets are investigated from the speech recognition problem point of view. The system is designed to recognize an isolated whole-word speech. The Hidden Markov Model Toolkit (HTK) is used to implement the isolated word recognizer with phoneme ba...

Steganography is a method of hiding data within a cover media so that other individuals fail to realize their existence. In this paper, a new approach for steganography in Arabic texts is proposed. The main idea is that each Arabic word may have some characters which can be extended by 'Kashida'. The ranks 'locations' of such characters and the inserted Kashida, construct a coding method to rep...

The Arabic language is a collection of dialectal variants along with the standard form, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). MSA is used in official Settings while the dialectal variants (DA) correspond to the native tongue of the Arabic speakers. Arabic speakers typically code switch between DA and MSA, which is reflected extensively in written online social media. Automatic processing such Arabic ge...

In this paper, we describe a web-based multilingual tool for Arabic information retrieval based on ontology in the legal domain. We illustrate the manual construction of the ontology and the way it is edited using Protégé2000. Using Arabic (UN) documents we identify the legal terms and the semantic relations between them before mapping them onto their position in the ontology. The process of se...

This chapter presents a new benchmarking strategy for Arabic screenbased word recognition. Firstly, we report on the creation of the new APTI (Arabic Printed Text Image) database. This database is a large-scale benchmarking of open-vocabulary, multi-font, multi-size and multi-style word recognition systems in Arabic. Such systems take as input a text image and compute as output a character stri...