Previous studies on the Arabic linguistic landscape have identified commodification of in heritage sites; however, identification was not accompanied by a satisfactory account. The current article investigates distribution languages, with particular reference to position commercial Leipzig, highlighting Leipzig. data were collected taking pictures shop signs Leipzig’s Strassenbahnstrasse and wr...

Egypt has a countless heritage of mansions, castles, cities, towns, villages, industrial and manufacturing sites. This richness of heritage provides endless and matchless prospects for culture. Despite being famous worldwide, Egypt’s heritage still is in constant need of protection. Political conflicts and religious revolutions form a direct threat to buildings in various areas, historic, archa...

Intangible Cultural Heritage is of comparatively high value in culture, economy, science and tourism, which is at its peak of development and utilization. Intangible cultural heritage needs preservation, so the development and utilization of the digital storage of intangible cultural heritage are a subject of theoretical and practical values. Among the various complicated types of intangible cu...

Virtual heritage is a computer-based interactive technology that provides formative stages of the educational experience of cultural heritage such as virtual tour of museums. With the fast growing technological advancement in mobile phone technology, it has become possible to create a virtual heritage application for edutainment for general public on mobile platform. In this paper, we present a...

This paper compares the language of child bilinguals and adult unbalanced bilinguals (heritage speakers) against that of bilingual native speakers of their home language (baseline). We identify four major vectors of correspondence across the language spoken by these three groups. First, all varieties may represent a given linguistic property in a similar way (child bilinguals = adult heritage s...

In 1945, the Cairo Academy for the Arabic Language opened a contest to find the best project for simplification of the Arabic writing system. They received about 200 replies. We have chosen three of these projects (a preliminary project by an Academy subcommitee, and projects by Ahmed Lakhdar-Ghazal and Yahya Boutemene) and have implemented them via theΩ typesetting system. In this paper we des...

There are many known Arabic lexicons organized on different ways, each of them has a different number of Arabic words according to its organization way. This paper has used mathematical relations to count a number of Arabic words, which proofs the number of Arabic words presented by Al Farahidy. The paper also presents new way to build an electronic Arabic lexicon by using a hash function that ...

Background. Gum arabic is a potential sensitizer in food industry. Methods. We examined 11 candy factory workers referred to examinations due to respiratory and skin symptoms paying attention to exposure and sensitization to gum arabic. Skin tests, pulmonary function tests, and respiratory provocation tests were carried out as indicated by the symptoms and findings. Results. Occupational asthma...

Dialectal Arabic speech recognition is a difficult problem and is relatively less studied. In this paper, we propose a cross-dialectal Gaussian mixture model training criteria to transfer knowledge from one domain to the other by data sharing. Specifically, phone classification experiments on West Point Modern Standard Arabic Speech corpus and Babylon Levantine Arabic Speech corpus demonstrate ...

Handwriting recognition refers to the identification of written characters. Handwriting recognition has become an acute research area in recent years for the ease of access of computer science. In this paper primarily discussed On-line and Off-line handwriting recognition methods for Arabic words which are often used among then across the Middle East and North Africa People. Arabic word online ...