Objectives-To compare the perceptions ofphysician executives and clinicians regarding ethical issues in Saudi Arabian hospitals and the attributes that might lead to the existence of these ethical issues. Design-Self-completion questionnaire administered from February to July 1997. Setting-Different health regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Participants-Random sample of 457 physicians (317...

In this study the authors investigated phytoplankton variations in the Arabian Sea associated with Hurricane Gonu using remote-sensing data of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), sea surface temperature (SST) and winds. Additional data sets used for the study included the hurricane and Conductivity-Temperature-Depth data. Hurricane Gonu, presenting extremely powerful wind intensity, originated over the cent...

The short tandem repeat (STR) systems D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, Penta E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX and FGA were studied in Arabian population samples from Morocco and Syria. No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium could be observed in either preparation. Comparing the Moroccan and Syrian populations using the program RxC, no simi...

The recent trend of declining winter and spring snow cover over Eurasia is causing a land-ocean thermal gradient that is particularly favorable to stronger southwest (summer) monsoon winds. Since 1997, sea surface winds have been strengthening over the western Arabian Sea. This escalation in the intensity of summer monsoon winds, accompanied by enhanced upwelling and an increase of more than 35...

AIM The aim of this in-vivo study was to assess the incidence of three roots and four root canals in clinical cases of root-treated mandibular first molars in a Saudi Arabian population. METHODOLOGY A clinical study of 251 root-canal treated permanent mandibular first molars was conducted. The teeth were examined clinically and radiographically. RESULTS The results showed that 5.97% of the ...

This paper presents some experiences in the exploitation of a database interface development architecture in which the interface is implemented using the facilities of the database. It is shown how novel interfaces, specifically a multiparadigm query interface and a debugger for an active rule system, can benefit from and exploit the uniform representation of interface and database system conce...

Recent studies have suggested that educators should avoid concrete instantiations when the goal is to promote transfer. However, concrete instantiations may benefit transfer in the long run, particularly if they are “faded” into more abstract instantiations. Undergraduates were randomly assigned to learn a mathematical concept in one of three conditions: generic, in which the concept was instan...

We investigate the relation between two quantitative measures characterizing short term memory in input driven dynamical systems, namely the short term memory capacity (MC) [3] and the Fisher memory curve (FMC) [2]. We show that even though MC and FMC map the memory structure of the system under investigation from two quite different perspectives, for linear input driven dynamical systems they ...

the most beautiful names of god (asmā’ al-ḥusnā) are among the most frequently used concepts in the holy qur’ān and the study of the application of these names has a great role in understanding and interpretation of the qur’ān. since the concepts employed in the qur’ān have been mostly studied with the traditional narrative, legal, or theological approaches and since the lexical and literal app...

The author contends that sex differentials in childhood mortality in Pakistan are a likely outcome of son preference behavior by parents. Consideration is given to the historical improvement in the female disadvantage in mortality, the neglect of female children, gender and class factors, and son preference and high fertility. Data are from the 1981 Pakistan census and other official surveys....