One of the most common and important interfaces is the boundary layer between an aqueous phase solution of ions and a hydrophobic medium. Whether the hydrophobic medium is a membrane, a macromolecular assembly, or a simple organic liquid, our molecular-level understanding of how ions in an adjacent aqueous phase approach, alter, and transport across the boundary is still quite deficient, largel...

Human betaB1-crystallin is a major eye-lens protein that undergoes in vivo truncation at the N-terminus with aging. By studying native betaB1 and truncated betaB1DeltaN41, which mimics an age-related in vivo truncation, we have determined quantitatively the effect of truncation on the oligomerization and phase transition properties of betaB1 aqueous solutions. The oligomerization studies show t...

Fruits of Olea europaea L. have been used for centuries in folk medicine to treat many inflammatory diseases. In order to evaluate the anti-nociceptive activities of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of defatted fruits of O. europaea, formalin test was used and for evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of the extract, the volume of paw edema was measured. The results revealed that both extr...

Hydrogenase (hydrogen:ferricytochrome c(3) oxidoreductase, EC 1.12.2.1) from Desulfovibrio vulgaris was encapsulated in reversed micelles with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as surfactant and a chloroform/octane mixture as solvent. Reducing equivalents for hydrogenase-catalyzed hydrogen production were provided by vectorial photosensitized electron transfer from a donor (thiophenol) in the orga...

A solution of the nonionic detergent Triton X-114 is homogeneous at 0 degrees C but separates in an aqueous phase and a detergent phase above 20 degrees C. The extent of this detergent phase separation increases with the temperature and is sensitive to the presence of other surfactants. The partition of proteins during phase separation in solutions of Triton X-114 is investigated. Hydrophilic p...

An extraction method based on the phase separation of aqueous micellar solutions of n-octyl-beta-D-thioglucoside (OTG) was applied to the concentrating conjugated bilirubin in urine. The analyte in sample solutions could be efficiently concentrated into a small volume of surfactant-rich phase, while hydrophilic matrix components including urinary protein, ascorbic acid, and saccharide remained ...

Organic-aqueous liquid (phenol) extraction is one of many standard techniques to efficiently purify DNA directly from cells. With effective mixing, the cell components naturally distribute themselves into the two fluid phases in order to minimize interaction energies of the biological components with the surrounding solvents. The membrane and protein partition into the organic phase while the D...

in this work, reactive absorption of gases in aqueous electrolyte solutions has been investigated resulting in the development of a procedure in order to calculate the concentrations of ionic and molecular species in the liquid phase. two duplicate experiments were conducted to investigate simultaneous reactive absorption of ammonia and carbon dioxide in partially carbonated ammonia solutions. ...

Three phase partitioning, a technique described for protein purification, has been employed for precipitation and purification of three different commercial preparations of alginates. Three phase partitioning works by the addition of /-butanol to aqueous solution of the polymer containing 20-30% ammonium sulphate (w/v). Three phases formed are: upper /-butanol layer, interfacial polymer precipi...

In this work, we proposed a new aqueous biphasic system composed of hydrophilic ionic liquids (IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) and saccharides, forming an upper IL-rich phase and a lower sugars-rich phase. It was found that that the distance between binodal curves and the origin is the increasing order of sucrose<glucose<xylose<fructose, which was successfully elaborated in t...