Abstract I will argue for a novel variant of the knowledge norm practical reasoning. In Sect. 2, look at current variations reasoning and provide reasons to doubt these proposals. Sects. 3 4, develop my own proposal according which is apt Section 5 considers objections. Finally, 6 concerns normativity proposed its significance.

With the development of advanced persistent threat (APT) and increasingly severe situation network security, strategic defense idea with concept “active defense, traceability, countermeasures” arises at historic moment, thus cyberspace intelligence (CTI) has become valuable in enhancing ability to resist cyber threats. Based on actual demand defending against APT threat, we apply natural langua...

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Oude Nijhuis et al and Schuitenmaker papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16447 https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16586

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Pol et al and Lampertico & Papatheodoridis papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16197 https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16238

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Xia et al and Wehmeyer & Schulze zur Wiesch papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16538 https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16560