The anterodorsal head of the caudate nucleus is the recipient of efferent projections from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while the tail of the caudate receives fibers originating in inferotemporal cortex. In order to investigate whether anatomically related members of these two systems are also functionally related, monkeys were trained on a delayed successive visual discrimination task. E...

The mediodorsal nucleus of the human thalamus is in a crucial position that allows it to establish connections with diverse cerebral structures, particularly the prefrontal cortex. The present review examines existing neurobiologic studies of the brains of people with and without schizophrenia that indicate a possible involvement of the mediodorsal nucleus in this psychiatric disorder. Studies ...

abstracf--trontal cortical dopamine (da) systems may play an inhibitory role inmotor behavior, possibly mediated through the nucleus accumbcns (nac). bilateral lesions ofda terminals in medial prefrontal cortex (mpfc) and bilateral electrolytic lesions in nac both induce hyperactivity in rats. however, unilateral nac lesions elicit hyperactivity only from the right hemisphere. the purpose of th...

Background and Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the effective and less complicated methods for treatment of depression in cases of resistance to common treatments. Given the fundamental role of pre-frontal cortex on changing the mood of depression-related behaviors in depressed patients, the effects of electroconvulsive therapy on enzymatic activity of this cortex were taken...

Deposits of somatopetal tracers, that filled the entire dorsolateral cortex of one hemisphere, labelled only a few cell bodies in the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus (MD). Further experiments served to confirm the existence of strong projections from MD to the mesial and suprarhinal areas of the frontal cortex. Thus, only a very small proportion of the MD neurones in the rat projects outside the c...

Although the cerebellar interpositus nuclei are known to be involved in cognitive functions, such as associative motor learning, no anatomical evidence has been available for this issue. Here we used retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus to identify neurons in the cerebellar nuclei that project via the thalamus to area 46 of the prefrontal cortex of macaques in comparison with the ...

Identifying brain systems that regulate or modulate autonomic nervous system functions may identify pathways through which psychosocial factors can influence health and disease. Reduced high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) characterizes anxiety disordered patients and is predictive of adverse myocardial events. Sex differences in the prevalence of anxiety disorders and cardiac disease...

Communication between the prefrontal cortex and subcortical nuclei underpins the control and inhibition of behavior. However, the interactions in such pathways remain controversial. Using a stop-signal response inhibition task and functional imaging with analysis of effective connectivity, we show that the lateral prefrontal cortex influences the strength of communication between regions in the...

background: mediodorsal (md) thalamic nucleus, which is considered to take place between extra pyramidal and limbic feedback circuit, receives projective fibers from ventrolateral neurons of reticular part of substantia nigra (snr). in order to better understand the influence and chemical reaction of these fibers upon md nucleus, the morphology and synaptology of them were examined in the prese...