The apical delta is an intricate system within the root canal and incompletely debridement may affect the long-term prognosis of root canal therapy. The aim of the present study is to investigate the morphologic features of apical deltas in human teeth with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) using a centreline-fitting algorithm. One hundred and thirty-six apical deltas were detected in 1400 t...

Apical lumen formation is a key step during epithelial morphogenesis of tubular organs. Appropriate transport and targeting of apical proteins to the apical membrane initiation site (AMIS) plays a crucial role in establishing a solitary, central lumen. FIP5, a Rab11-interacting protein, is an important regulator that directs apical endosome trafficking along microtubules toward the AMIS during ...

Apical constriction changes cell shapes, driving critical morphogenetic events, including gastrulation in diverse organisms and neural tube closure in vertebrates. Apical constriction is thought to be triggered by contraction of apical actomyosin networks. We found that apical actomyosin contractions began before cell shape changes in both Caenorhabitis elegans and Drosophila. In C. elegans, ac...

Apical secretion from epithelial tubes of the Drosophila embryo is mediated by apical F-actin cables generated by the formin-family protein Diaphanous (Dia). Apical localization and activity of Dia are at the core of restricting F-actin formation to the correct membrane domain. Here we identify the mechanisms that target Dia to the apical surface. PI(4,5)P2 levels at the apical membrane regulat...

Boi keeps Hedgehog close to home T he Hedgehog receptor Boi limits stem cell proliferation by retaining Hedgehog (Hh) at its source, Hartman et al. report. In Drosophila ovaries , Hh stimulates fol-licle stem cells (FSCs) to proliferate and form the outer epithelial layer of developing egg chambers. Hh ligand is secreted by api-cal cells at the anterior end of ovaries, several cell lengths away...

to evaluate the effect of different light intensities on the degree of conversion (dc) of dual-cured resin cement at different depths of translucent fiber posts.thirty translucent fiber posts were randomly assigned into three (n=10) groups. they were cemented in the simulated canal spaces using duo-link dual-cured resin cement. the cement was light-cured under 600, 800 and 1100 mw/cm(2) light i...

Production of genetically and phenotypically stable plantlets is the main purpose in commercial strawberry tissue culture. In this study, different tissues of Fragaria ananassa cv. Camarosa including stipule, apical meristem, leaf and petiole were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented withdifferent concentrations of N6-benzyladenine (BA) (0.5, 1, ...

Objectives To determine the incidence of crack formation and propagation in apical root dentin after retreatment procedures performed using ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTR), Mtwo-R, ProTaper Next (PTN), and Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) systems. Materials and Methods The study consisted of 120 extracted mandibular premolars. One millimeter from the apex of each tooth was ground perpendicula...

Introducción: La prevalencia de periodontitis apical en dientes con tratamiento endodóntico oscila entre el 35 y 60%, se ha encontrado una fuerte asociación respecto al grado inflamación sistémica generada por la apical, como ejemplo altos niveles citoquinas proinflamatorias, proteína C reactiva e interleuquina 6; estudios refieren que un adecuado puede reducir los individuos sanos apical. Obje...