Undesired solid precipitation in coal slag at high temperatures can cause serious blockages, or even the shutdown of gasifiers, due to a rapid increase viscosity. In this study, behaviors from different primary phases and under atmospheres were both experimentally theoretically investigated. Our results demonstrated that viscosity phase mullite was strongly influenced by atmosphere typical tapp...

Kaolin is a clay mineral that has found its huge use in electrical insulation. In power industries, mullite insulators plays vital role during electric transmission. The transformation of kaolin to via sintering method was carried out by varying the temperature heating at interval from . mass observed have changed until complete took place 11500C. dielectric strength (breakdown voltage) analyse...

Alumina, mullite, and cordierite powder were added to a whiteware porcelain slurry sintered at 1280 °C investigate the correlation between composition strength. The X-ray diffraction patterns of bodies show that no new phase was formed, material remained intact. Except for sample group which added, strength increased as additive content increased. A Rietveld quantitative analysis indicated amor...

Chondritic meteorites, consisting of the materials that have formed in the early solar system (ESS), have been affected by late thermal events and fluid activity to various degrees. Determining the timing of fluid activity in ESS is of fundamental importance for understanding the nature, formation, evolution and significance of fluid activity in ESS. Previous investigations have determined the ...

Extracellular matrix proteins are considered to play essential roles in controlling the nucleation, growth, and organization of hydroxyapatite crystals during enamel formation. The effects of amelogenin and the 32-kDa enamelin proteins on apatite nucleation were investigated by a steady-state gel diffusion device containing 10% gelatin gels loaded with 0, 0.75%, and 1.5% (w/w) native porcine am...

The location and orientation of the carbonate ion in the channel (A) and phosphate (B) positions of hydroxyapatite (CHAP) have been investigated by single-crystal X-ray structure and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, using crystals synthesized at high pressure. The type A carbonate ion is oriented in the apatite channel with two oxygen atoms close to the c-axis and the B carbonate...

Crystallochemical changes of (Pb5Ca5)(VO4)6F2 apatite under electron irradiation were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The apatite, a synthetic analog of vanadinite, was moderately stable towards a less intense 300-keV LaB6 source, while it changed rapidly in structure when exposed to the higher flux of a 200-keV field emission gun. The electron beam induced transformation of vanad...