UNLABELLED Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded from the giant danio (Danio aequipinnatus) to study glutamatergic input mechanisms onto bipolar cells. Glutamate analogs were applied to determine which receptor types mediate synaptic transmission from rods and cones to on and off bipolar cells. Picrotoxin, strychnine, and tetrodotoxin were used to isolate the effects of the glutamate analogs ...

27 Endogenous cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors demonstrate a cell-type specific expression and are 28 potent modulators of synaptic transmission within the CNS. We aimed to investigate whether two 29 classes of multipolar interneuron in the neocortex displayed a form of short-term synaptic plasticity 30 – depolarization induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), and whether the DSI was mediated...

Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Glutamate Receptors [351]) are a family of G protein-coupled activated neurotransmitter [140]. The mGlu is composed eight members (named mGlu1 to mGlu8) which divided in three groups based similarities agonist pharmacology, primary sequence and protein coupling effector: Group-I (mGlu1 mGlu5), Group...

Presynaptic inhibition is one of the major control mechanisms in the CNS. Previously we reported that adenosine A1 receptors mediate presynaptic inhibition at the retinotectal synapse of goldfish. Here we extend these findings to metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and report that presynaptic inhibition produced by both A1 adenosine receptors and group II mGluRs is due to G(i) protein cou...

SALL2- a member of the Spalt gene family- is a poorly characterized transcription factor found deregulated in various cancers, which suggests it plays a role in the disease. We previously identified SALL2 as a novel interacting protein of neurotrophin receptors and showed that it plays a role in neuronal function, which does not necessarily explain why or how SALL2 is deregulated in cancer. Pre...

In the rd1 mouse model for retinal degeneration, the loss of photoreceptors results in oscillatory activity (∼10–20 Hz) within the remnant electrically coupled network of retinal ON cone bipolar and AII amacrine cells. We tested the role of hyperpolarization-activated currents (I(h)), voltage-gated Na(+) channels and gap junctions in mediating such oscillatory activity. Blocking I(h) (1 mm Cs(+...

Rajabiani A1, Aaliepour A2, Tavangar M3, Meysamie AP4 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Faculty of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2. Resident, Department of Pathology, Faculty of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 3. Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Faculty of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 4. Assistant Professor, Depar...

Main olfactory bulb (MOB) granule cells (GCs) express high levels of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR), mGluR5. We investigated the role of mGluRs in regulating GC activity in rodent MOB slices using whole cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. The group I/II mGluR agonist (+/-)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (ACPD) or the selective group I agonist (RS)-3,5-dihyd...

The crinoid echinoderm Antedon mediterranea autotomises its arms at specialised skeletal joints known as syzygies that occur at regular intervals along the length of each arm. Detachment is achieved through the nervously mediated destabilisation of ligament fibres at a particular syzygy. The aim of this investigation was to identify neurotransmitters that are involved in the autotomy response. ...

Brain astrocytes in primary culture from the rat or the mouse have been shown to possess ionotropic and metabotropic glutamatergic receptors. The activation of both types of receptors is responsible for a rise in the cytosolic concentration of calcium, while the stimulation of metabotropic receptors induces the accumulation of inositol phosphates. In the present study, it is demonstrated that i...