The final quality and cost of a manufactured product are determined to a large extent by the engineering design of the product and its production process through activities of off-line quality control methods, namely, System Design, Parameter Design and Tolerance Design. However, in the context of most non-industrialized countries, the off-line quality activities of product design and system de...

In this paper, we prove that there does not exist a set of 11 polynomials with coefficients in a field of characteristic 0 with the property that the product of any two distinct elements plus 1 is a perfect square. Moreover, we prove that there does not exist a set of 5 polynomials and the property that the product of any two distinct elements plus 1 is a perfect kth power with k ≥ 7. Combining...

Successful synthesis of the stable metal-free two-dimensional polymer graphitic carbon-nitride with remarkable properties has made it as one of the most promising nanostructures in many novel nanodevices, especially photocatalytic ones. Understanding the mechanical properties of nanostructures is of crucial importance. Thus, this study employs density functional theory (DFT) to obtain the mecha...

In this paper, an energetic coordination compound namely pentamminenitratocobalt(III) nitrate, [Co(NH3)5(NO3)](NO3)2, was used as a new precursor for the preparation of Co3O4 nanoparticles. The results showed that the complex is easily decomposed into the Co3O4 nanoparticles at low temperature (200 °C) without employing a surfactant or solvent and any complicated equipment. The product was char...

In this paper, an energetic coordination compound namely pentamminenitratocobalt(III) nitrate, [Co(NH3)5(NO3)](NO3)2, was used as a new precursor for the preparation of Co3O4 nanoparticles. The results showed that the complex is easily decomposed into the Co3O4 nanoparticles at low temperature (200 °C) without employing a surfactant or solvent and any complicated equipment. The product was char...

In this work, we describe a simple, green and general procedure for the purification and fractionation of carbon dots (CDs). CDs coated with oxygen-containing functional groups were synthesized by thermal pyrolysis of citric acid. The product of the reaction was first Purified and then fractionated into two distinct kinds of CDs (f4 and f1) using pH-controlled cloud point extraction (CPE) techn...

new product development (npd) is described in the literature as the transformation of a market opportunity into a product available for sale. in the automotive industry, within the context of iso/ts16949:2002 (the automotive quality management system international standard),  these related to the product realization process (prp) which consists of three main phases such as planning, implementat...

We show that independent percolation on any Cayley graph of a nonamenable group has no innnite components at the critical parameter. This result was obtained in Benjamini, Lyons, Peres, and Schramm (1997) as a corollary of a general study of group-invariant percolation. The goal here is to present a simpler self-contained proof that easily extends to quasi-transitive graphs with a unimodular au...

Phosphorus, as phosphate, plays a paramount role in biology. Since phosphate transfer reactions are an integral part of contemporary life, phosphate may have been incorporated into the initial molecules at the very beginning. To facilitate the studies into early phosphate utilization, we should look retrospectively to phosphate-rich molecules present in today's cells. Overlooked by origin of li...