Background. Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL is a nonlethal malaria strain in mice of different genetic backgrounds including the C57BL/6 mice (I-Ab/I-Enull) used in this study as a control strain. We have compared the trends of blood stage infection with the nonlethal murine strain of P. yoelii 17XNL malaria protozoan in immunocompetent Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) mice prone to type 1 diabetes (T1D) and C5...

p,p#-DDT (bis[p-chlorophenyl]-1,1,1-trichloroethane) is a persistent organochlorine compound that has been used worldwide as an insecticide. The authors evaluated the association of cord serum levels of DDT and its metabolite, 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE), with neurodevelopment at age 4 years. Two birth cohorts in Ribera d’Ebre and Menorca (Spain) were recruited between 19...

The development of clinical immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria is thought to require years of parasite exposure, a delay often attributed to difficulties in developing protective antibody levels. In this study, we evaluated several P. falciparum vaccine candidate antigens, including apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1), circumsporozoite protein (CSP), erythrocyte binding antigen 175 (EBA-17...

Even though the important antimalaria drug rac-erythro-mefloquine HCl has been on the market as Lariam for decades, the absolute configurations of its enantiomers have not been determined conclusively. This is needed, since the (-) enantiomer is believed to cause adverse side effects in malaria treatment resulting from binding to the adenosine receptor in the human brain. Since there are confli...

How education and health are linked in developing countries and what educational activities produce change are quite uncertain. Questions for research on these concerns are noted, and it is suggested that prospective longitudinal studies, household surveys, and field observations might well be added to the more usual multivariate analyses of records. Analyses of educational program implementati...

BACKGROUND Walking school buses (WSBs) offer a potentially healthier way for children to get to school while reducing traffic congestion. A number of pressing societal challenges make it timely to evaluate evidence of their value. METHODS Studies that focused solely on WSBs were identified through online and manual literature searches. Twelve WSB studies involving a total of 9169 children wer...

This article shows that science and technology will play a central role in working toward sustainable development. Scientific research will be crucial to better understanding how human activity affects the environment. The sciences, like new technologies, should continue to provide for an improvement in the efficiency of resource utilization and in developing new practices, resources, and alter...

For almost 250 years the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary was staffed with resident physicians and surgeons.This paper traces the history and the traditions of the Residency Mess, its inhabitants' lives, duties and leisure activities and how these have changed over the years.

Disturbing effects of aircraft noise depend on the time of day at which the sound sources emerge. The reason can be seen in different human activities which vary qualitatively throughout the day. Especially in the evening and during the night people are more sensitive against noise induced disturbances which is a result of several field studies. Additionally there exists empirical evidence that...