Little is reported regarding economic burden of work-related low back pain except for the United States. In the present study, annual medical cost of work-related low back pain in Japan was calculated based on the treatment fee per day, a total of days of treatment received for low-back pain of all causes, employment rates, and an estimated number of work-related low-back cases. The analysis in...

OBJECTIVE Despite the generalized use of prophylactic antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery, Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are still a major source of morbidity, mortality, and hospital cost. This is due in part to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistant organisms. METHODS A review of local epidemiology, the importance of an antibiotic stewardship program, patient optimization, and r...