objective(s): the major antibiotic efflux pump of esherichia coli is acrab-tolc. the first part of the pump, acrab, is encoded by acrab operon. the expression of this operon can be kept elevated by overexpression of an activator, mara following inactivation of marr and acrr repressors due to mutation in encoding genes, marr and acrr, respectively. the aims of this research were to use e. coli m...

abstract objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in controlling local infection and in regard to its physical characteristics, elastic modulus, and tensile strength in-vitro. methods: acrylic bone cement, based on polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) was mixed with the powder form of three antibiotics, i.e., gentamicin, tobramycin, and cefuroxime ...

patients and methods in this retrospective study, all urine samples of children hospitalized with urinary tract infection (288 patients, aged 1mon -14.5 years) during october 2008 to may 2011 were included in the study. after bacteria were identified by standard methods, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using a panel of antimicrobial agents. results the most of patients were g...

background: antibiotics are an important class of drugs which are commonly used in veterinary for therapeutic, prophylactic and growth promotion purposes. antibiotic consumption may leave some residues in livestock food products leading to human health problems as well as failure in fermentation processing. the objective of this study was to investigate the antibiotic consumption pattern in ani...

conclusions despite the higher frequency of s. aureus nasal carriage in the interns, compared to the first year students, the difference did not reach statistical significance. therefore, attendance at medical centers cannot be considered a risk factor for increasing carriage. results out of the 200 nasal swabs obtained, the overall nasal carriage of s. aureus was 24.5% (49/200). the prevalence...

results sixteen patients (66.7%) in antibiotic group and 20 patients (90.9%) in placebo group had post-operative swelling and pain. the average pain in the antibiotic and placebo groups were (31.04 + 26.29) and (37.73 + 23.69) respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (p value = 0.37). one patient in each group had probing depth between 5 to 7 mm in six months after sur...

meningitis is one of the most important causes of infant mortality and its early and proper diagnosis is of great importance, but there are currently no laboratory facilities optimized and fast in detection of meningitis pathogens. the current standard of bacterial meningitis diagnosis is microscopic examination and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) culture. this research aimed at isolating the most co...

streptococcus pyogenes is one of the most important causes of bacterial pharyngitis. asymptomatic carriage of this organism especially among schoolchildren is a common issue. study of the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the flora strains, as clinical indicators, are useful for treatment of streptococcal infections. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and...