in recent years, anthracnose disease of citrus has caused and contiunes to cause heavy losses to some citrus commercial tree varieties in mazandaran province. this disease is deeply spread out in the citrus orchards of the province. in order to isolate and identify the causal agent or agents of the disease, random sampling was done from infected trees during 2004-2005. in lab, samples were cult...

Aliiroseovarius crassostreae CV919-312 is a marine alphaproteobacterium and the causative agent of Roseovarius oyster disease. We announce here the draft genome sequence of A. crassostreae CV919-312 and identify potential virulence genes involved in pathogenicity.

Mixed infections are thought to have a major infl uence on the evolution of parasite virulence. During a mixed infection, higher within-host parasite growth is favored under the assumption that it is critical to the competitive success of the parasite. As within-host parasite growth may also increase damage to the host, a positive correlation is predicted between virulence and competitive succe...

Candida albicans, a clinically important dimorphic fungal pathogen that can evade immune attack by masking its cell wall beta-glucan from immune recognition, mutes protective host responses mediated by the Dectin-1 beta-glucan receptor on innate immune cells. Although the ability of C. albicans to switch between a yeast- or hyphal-form is a key virulence determinant, the role of each morphotype...

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a frequent agent of life-threatening sepsis and meningitis in neonates and adults with predisposing conditions. We tested the hypothesis that activation of the inflammasome, an inflammatory signaling complex, is involved in host defenses against this pathogen. We show in this study that murine bone marrow-derived conventional dendritic cells responded to GBS by se...

The search for new antibacterial agents that could decrease bacterial resistance is a subject in continuous development. Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria possess group of metalloproteins belonging to the MEROPS peptidase (M4) family, which main virulence factor these bacteria. In this work, we used previous results computational biochemistry protocol series ligands designed silico using...

Nonliving antiviral vaccines traditionally target proteins expressed at the surface of the virion with the hope of inducing neutralizing antibodies. Orthopoxviruses (OPVs), such as the human smallpox virus and the mouse-equivalent ectromelia virus (ECTV; an agent of mousepox), encode immune response modifiers (IRMs) that can increase virulence by decreasing the host immune response. We show tha...

Dryopteris crassirhizoma is traditionally used as an herbal remedy for various diseases, and has been identified in a previous study as a potential anti-caries agent. In this study, the effect of a methanol extract of D. crassirhizoma on the viability, growth and virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic dental pathogen, was investigated. In addition, the phytochemical composit...

Development of new therapeutics against Select Agents such as Francisella is critical preparation in the event of bioterrorism. Testing FDA-approved drugs for this purpose may yield new activities unrelated to their intended purpose and may hasten the discovery of new therapeutics. A library of 420 FDA-approved drugs was screened for antibiofilm activity against a model organism for human tular...