The present study evaluated the learning objectives represented in the recent Iranian nation-wide ELT textbooks, i.e. Prospect and Vision series, and compared them to those in the internationally-published textbook of Four Corners. To this end, Bloom’s revised taxonomy of learning objectives was utilized as the analytical framework to scrutinize the tasks and exercises of the textbooks using a ...

Background: Visual impairment is one of the independent risk factors for falling among the elderly. Functional disabilities caused by vision disorders are the most common problems affecting the quality of life in this population. Therefore, vision self-management program (VSM) may be helpful for patients in reducing impairment and improving the quality of life. Aim: The present study aimed to i...

Optic neuritis an inflammatory disorder of the optic nerve inflammation is usually in young’s with symptoms of eye pain and vision loss that occurs is a common symptom of MS. Optic neuritis is one of the first symptoms of MS that observable into disorders in white matter of cerebral cortex. The risk of MS in patients with optic neuritis during 2 years 20% in 15 years, 45-80% is calculated...

the purpose of this review is to bring together to the physiology and psychology of vision and to analyze, based on our own data and on the available literature, the relationship between sight loss and individual reactions. as recent treatments for depression are often effective and have few side-effects, ophthalmologists should consider referral for treatment of depression in patients sufferin...

The big eye kilka, Clupeonella grimmi, is a marine fish living in depth of 20 to 200 meter of the Caspian Sea. Its eye and retina were processed for histological and SEM studies. Paraffin embedded retina was cut radially and tangentially in 5 ?m thickness and stained with hematoxylin and eosin method. The unstained sections were manipulated for SEM image observations. Tangential retinal sect...

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurological disease in young people. It is estimated that about 2 million people in the world suffer from this disease. Ocular involvement is one of the most prevalent clinical signs of MS. It is said that 25% of individuals suffer from vision problems during the development of disease. There...