How does the need to signal quality through price affect equilibrium pricing and profits, when a firm faces a similarly-situated rival? In this paper, we provide a model of non-cooperative signaling by two firms that compete over a continuum of consumers. We assume “universal incomplete information;” that is, each market participant has some private information: each consumer has private inform...

Sibling competition selects nestlings to beg as quickly as possible when a stimulus in the nest entrance is presented. However, predation risk may select for nestlings to properly assess stimuli before begging, because nestlings that beg to erroneous stimuli may signal their position to a predator. The begging behavior of Coal Tit (Parus ater) and Great Tit (Parus major) nestlings to an artific...

concrete review Both Concrete Abstract but includes referrals from ordinary courts Both Review of legislation ex post/ ex ante Both Ex post Ex post Ex post

Despite extraordinary global progress in increasing coverage of antiretroviral treatment (ART), the majority of people needing ART currently are not receiving treatment. Both the number of people needing ART and the average ART price per patient-year are expected to increase in coming years, which will dramatically raise funding needs for ART. Several international organizations are using inter...

This paper aims to address two issues related to simultaneous aggregation of utilities and beliefs. The first one is related to how to integrate both inequality and uncertainty considerations into social decision-making. The second one is related to how individuals should be responsible for their own beliefs. To accomplish this, whereas individuals are assumed to abide by Savage model’s of subj...