The paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment and environmental pollution on economic growth in an emerging economy. We used annual data covering period 1986–2020 non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) to analyze positive negative co-integrated variables, our findings support asymmetric relationship between investment, both short long run, as well a long-run growth. A on...

Little information is available on private payer claims cost experience for specific categories of health care. A study was conducted in which physician-claims cost experience and trends among 15 Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plans were compared. Between 1986 and 1988, physician claims cost per covered person increased at an average annual rate of 17 percent, approximately 6 percentage points high...

BACKGROUND The global initiative to eradicate bancroftian filariasis currently relies on mass treatment with four to six annual doses of antifilarial drugs. The goal is to reduce the reservoir of microfilariae in the blood to a level that is insufficient to maintain transmission by the mosquito vector. METHODS In nearly 2500 residents of Papua New Guinea, we prospectively assessed the effects...

A poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based inverted solar cell using indene-C60 bis-adduct (ICBA) as the acceptor achieved a high open-circuit voltage of 0.82 V due to ICBA's higher-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level, leading to an exceptional power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.8%. By incorporating a cross-linked fullerene interlayer, C-PCBSD, to further modulate the interface chara...

Medicaid spending increased dramatically during the 1990s, driven in part by spending for prescription drugs. From 1990 to 2000, Medicaid drug spending increased from $4.4 billion to over $20 billion, an average annual increase of 16.3 percent. Disabled persons experienced an even greater 20 percent average annual increase. By drug category in 1997 (for 29 States), the highest spending amount w...

UNLABELLED IMPACT OF THE RECESSION: The 2007-2009 recession has taken its toll on the percentage of the population with employment-based health coverage. While, since 2000, there has been a slow erosion in the percentage of individuals under age 65 with employment-based health coverage, 2009 was the first year in which the percentage fell below 60 percent, and marked the largest one-year declin...

This paper examines National Institutes of Health (NIH) pediatric research spending in absolute terms and relative to the doubling of the NIH overall budget between fiscal years 1998 and 2003. Pediatric spending increased by an average annual rate of 12.8 percent during the doubling period (almost on par with the NIH average annual growth rate of 14.7 percent). However, the proportion of the to...

Extensive research has been done on the analytical and empirical examination of financial data in annual reports to detect fraud; however, there is scant research on the analysis of text in annual reports to detect fraud. The basic premise of this research is that there are clues hidden in the text that can be detected to determine the likelihood of fraud. In this research, we examine both the ...

OBJECTIVES This report presents data on the availability of pediatric services, expertise, and supplies for treating pediatric emergencies in U.S. hospitals. METHODS Data in this report are from the Emergency Pediatric Services and Equipment Supplement (EPSES), a self-administered questionnaire added to the 2006 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). NHAMCS samples nonfede...