The goal of this study is to improve our understanding of the interactive function of impervious and vegetation covers at different levels of the local and intra-urban spatial scales in relation to air temperatures in an urban environment. A multiple regression model was developed using impervious and vegetation fractions at different scales to predict maximum air temperature for the entire Pho...

In Brazil, the principal source of air pollution is the combustion of fuels (ethanol, gasohol, and diesel). In this study, we quantify the contributions that vehicle emissions make to the urban fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) mass in six state capitals in Brazil, collecting data for use in a larger project evaluating the impact of air pollution on human health. From winter 2007 to winter 2008...

Asthma and allergic diseases cases have risen in recent decades. Plant pollen is considered as the main aeroallergen causing allergic reactions. According to available data, urban residents experience more respiratory allergies than rural residents mainly due to the interaction between chemical air pollutants and pollen grains. This interaction can occur through several mechanisms; chemical pol...

vegetation cover on a variety of different land uses in different parts of a city creates different forms of heat flow that this, in turn, generates the main framework of urban microclimate. the objective of this study is to survey the effect of land cover type on air temperature in the isfahan city. to do this, five regions in the isfahan city with different land cover type were selected. in e...

during the recent decades, urban management in iran has increasingly confronted numerous challenges due to different kinds of social, cultural, political, executive, financial, and legal factors. the present study is going to specify and analyze the aforementioned challenges in the domain of the urban environment in order to determine how far they have been effective, how they have been priorit...

The substantial reduction in air pollution, and particularly in components such as benzo[a]pyrene in urban areas of the United Kingdom during the past few decades has presented an opportunity to consider further the possible role of carcinogens in the air in relation to lung cancer. While the overall trends in lung cancer mortality have undoubtedly been dominated by changes in smoking, the mark...

Air pollution is a major factor of consideration in the evaluation of quality of life and as an environmental issue in urban areas. Among urban air pollutants carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most prevalent. Information about its concentrations is vital in the determination of urban air pollution. In this paper, an automatic and cost effective prototype for CO monitoring and mapping is presen...

The quenching of quinine fluorescence intensity in the presence of some anions in aqueous solution at ambient temperature has been investigated. The quenching is found to be collisional or dynamical in nature. This study reveals the order of two groups of quencher: NaI > NaBr > NaCl > NaF and K2Cr2O7 > KMnO4 >Na2SO4 > NaClO3. Increasing anion size in the both groups leads to an  increase in the...