In contrast to the remarkable progress in genetics of aging of such animal models as yeast, nematodes, and Drosophila, little is known about mechanisms that control human longevity. The main obstacle in human studies is that the opportunities for direct experiments with humans are limited and therefore data collection through observations, i.e., epidemiological methods, are particularly importa...

Isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia (IMH) during pregnancy is defined as a low maternal T4 in the absence of TSH elevation. As IMH is common, with a prevalence of 1-2% in iodine-sufficient populations, and early research has suggested adverse effects on fetal neurodevelopment, it has been the focus of many studies in the last decade. In the current review, we first discuss the significance of IM...

Earthworms have been successfully used in the vermistabilization of urban, industrial and agricultural wastes in order to produce organic fertilizers and obtain protein for animal feed. Although many species could be used for these ends, given their nutritional requirements and reproductive biology, only Perionyx excavatus and Lampito mauritii are widely used. The most effective use of earthwor...

We start by considering crosses between inbred lines. The analysis of such crosses illustrates many of the fundamental features of QTL mapping without the additional complications that arise with outbred populations. Although inbred line crosses are uncommon in animal breeding (outside of rats and mice), crosses between widely-differing lines are often treated as an inbred line cross, as we ass...

Hunting and trapping regulations are established so that these practices have little or no impact on those wildlife populations that do not cause damage. However, when wildlife populations cause significant damage, one reported benefit of allowing them to be trapped for furs or hunted is that these practices reduce wildlife damage below levels that would otherwise occur. Yet this reported benef...

87 0. Take Home Message The effi ciency of energy and protein utilization in the rumen may be improved through the manipulation of microbial population. Antibiotic ionophores have been very successful in improving these effi ciencies, but its use in animal feeds is facing reduced social acceptance. For this reason, other alternatives to control specifi c microbial populations are currently bein...

Feral and invasive carnivores have been intentionally or unintentionally introduced to many parts of the world for a variety of reasons. Once established, they have often caused significant impacts to endemic species because of their predatory nature and, in numerous cases, have altered ecosystem structure and function in important conservation areas. They can also cause competition for native ...

The food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has reported that by 2020, the developing countries should be producing roughly half of the milk with India leading in the output. (Annon. 2003a). Further, in most developing countries, the per capita milk production has kept pace with the population growth. The dairy production also expanded alongwith its consumption which is pa...

Population models are often used to guide conservation management decisions. Sensitivity analysis of such models can be useful in setting research priorities, by highlighting those parameters that have the most influence on population growth rate. Much of the work on sensitivity analysis in this context has been for density-independent models. We present a sensitivity analysis of a density-depe...

the camel is known to be a multipurpose animal able to produce milk, meat, wool, hides and skins, to be used for riding, agricultural activities, packing and carting, racing and many cultural events. the present paper aims to propose an analysis of the situation of camel studies worldwide and of the main trends since 1961 up to 2014. the main field involved the camel sciences and some remarks o...