cancer stem cells (cscs) have been defined as a unique subpopulation in tumors, endowed with the capacity to initiate tumor progression, maintain self-renewal as well as metastatic potential. recently, more evidence strongly indicates the existence of cscs in solid tumors of wide variety of organs such as breast, brain and stomach. recent studies suggest that a special subpopulation of gastric ...

Limited space in the city is a problem agricultural sector. Urban farming one of strategies undertaken to deal with these problems. Several studies have reported that urban considered be able increase food security areas, especially types can produced on limited space. The utilization develop agriculture has been widely carried out, such as fruit cultivation pots. This method several advantages...

Type 1 diabetes is a disease involving autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells in genetically predisposed individuals. Identifying factors that trigger initiation and progression of autoimmunity may provide opportunities for directed prophylactic and therapeutic measures to prevent and/or treat type 1 diabetes. The human intestinal microbiome is a complex, symbiotic ecological community...

The gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) is required for the initiation and the maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) in Arabidopsis and encodes a MEINOX/three amino acid loop extension (TALE)-HD-type transcription factor. Translational fusions with the green fluorescent protein showed that STM is not nuclear by default. In a yeast two-hybrid screen performed with a meristem-enriched cDNA lib...

Of the three main components of the adult animal, bone, skeletal muscle and fat, the fat depots have the most variable growth rate. Growth of adipose tissue depends on the coordinated increase in cell size (hypertrophy) and cell number (hyperplasia) in the fat tissues. The endocrine system will affect the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes within the adipocyte and will influence t...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for mediating immune responses but, when deregulated, also contribute to immunological disorders, such as autoimmunity. The molecular mechanism underlying the function of DCs is incompletely understood. In this study, we have identified TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a master innate immune kinase, as an important regulator of DC function. DC-specific deletion of...

the conventional method towards deriving schedule for a fleet of ships to minimize cost alone has the short-coming of not addressing the problem of operation revenue losses associated with delays during maintenance at ships dockyards. in this paper, a preventive maintenance schedule for a fleet of ships that incorporates op-portunity cost is presented. the idea is to assign a penalty cost to al...

Copyright: © 2013 Yu Y. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notch signaling pathway is highly conserved in evolution in the signal transduction pathway, in which it regulates stem-cell maintenance,...

Perturbation of the Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human cardiovascular diseases, and animal models have confirmed the requirement of Notch during cardiovascular development. We recently demonstrated that Notch activation delays S-phase entry and contributes to endothelial contact inhibition. Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins, components of the prerep...