Abstract This chapter introduces general frame-independent relations between the observable anisotropy parameters. Some of these reflect geometrical properties distribution, including inequalities that delimit allowed phase space parameters, and representation distribution in a “canonical” form. The most interesting relation defines rotation-invariant parameter expressing intrinsic nature polar...

In this paper, we propose a novel air-conditioning system that will be effective for wide public space such as a concourse of railway station, exhibition hall or museum. In these spaces, conventional air-conditioners are not enough, since the air-conditioner sends a wind to also empty area and where the temperature is already sufficient. Generally, it is difficult to ventilate effectively to th...

Based on the method of the vectorial angular spectrum, an analytical expression of the electric field of an elegant LaguerreGaussian beam in free space is derived beyond the paraxial approximation, and the corresponding magnetic field is obtained by taking the curl of the electric field. By using the expressions for the electromagnetic fields, the expression of the orbital angular momentum dens...