the viewpoint of not only animal welfare but also the reliability of pharmacological studies. The type of anesthetics used may vary depending on the type of experiment required or the study design. Some anesthetics have cardioor renoprotective effects, which may be relevant in designing ischemiareperfusion protocols. Several studies have examined the influence of commonly used anesthetics on th...

To the Editor: We read with great interest the results of the largest Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring study ever performed, which was published in the October 2012 issue of Anesthesiology.1 No significant difference in intraoperative awareness with explicit recall was detected between BIS and anesthetic concentration protocols (0.08 vs. 0.12%, P = 0.48) in an unselected surgical population of...

background: inadequate depth of anesthesia leads to release of stress hormones. electroencephalographic monitoring by bispectral index is a guide to asses the depth of anesthesia. the aim of the present study was to measure the serum cortisol levels as an index of stress response in patients who are candidates for coronary artery bypass graft surgery in two groups of patients.   methods: sevent...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize current approaches to the anesthetic management of functional neurosurgery and to describe the application of an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine in the anesthetic management of functional neurosurgical procedures. RECENT FINDINGS Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, causes a unique kind of sedation, acting on t...

The aim of this survey was to review cesarean delivery anesthetic practices. An online survey was sent to members of the Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP). The mode of anesthesia, preferred neuraxial local anesthetic and opioid agents, postoperative analgesic regimens, and monitoring modalities were assessed. 384 responses from 1,081 online survey requests were received (r...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Takayasus's Arteritis (TA) is a chronic, inflammatory, progressive, idiopathic disease that causes narrowing, occlusion, and aneurysms of systemic and pulmonary arteries affecting especially the aorta and its branches. During pregnancy, one should pay special attention to these patients. The objective of this report was to present the peripartum anesthetic care of a pa...

Moyamoya disease is a rare chronic cerebrovascular disease seen both in children and adults. It has a progressive course, but may have a variable clinical presentation. The disease causes ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, headache, seizures, and transient ischemia attack in children and in adults. Although the pathogenesis of the disease remains unknown, research suggests a genetic pred...

Evidence of anesthetic neurotoxicity is unequivocal when studied in animal models. These findings have translated poorly to the clinical domain when equated to postoperative delirium (POD) in adults and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in either children or the elderly. In this perspective, we examine various reasons for the differences between animal modeling of neurotoxicity and the...

A 59-year-old male patient suffering from AS (for 25 years) with a fixed flexion deformity of cervical spine and severely decreased thoracolombar spine mobility (Fig. 1), scheduled for ventral hernia repair with anticipated difficult intubation and neuroaxial blockade. Preoperative anesthetic assessment revealed Mallampati Class IV orophariengeal view, very limited neck movement and thyromental...

The number of surgical procedures in gravid women unrelated to pregnancy itself has been increased over years. In such cases, one must keep in mind the responsibility for two patients, the optimization and maintenance of maternal homeostasis, avoiding alterations on uteroplacental perfusion that can bring harm to the fetus. This review focus on safety to performing these procedures during pregn...