The purpose of this study was to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB). Seventy-six breeders were randomly selected from among 95 breeders who were working at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. Data were collected by a questionnaire as the main data collection instrument. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was appr...

affecting the economy of independent pharmaciesone can never deny the influence of chain pharmacies as a powerful competitor over the economy of independent pharmacies. in one view, integrating independent pharmacies with low turnover into chain pharmacies can save them; on the other hand, chain pharmacies can lead to more treat for independent pharmacies life.patient costsit is expected to dec...

Carbohydrate loading enables an athlete to build up stores of muscle glycogen. Such raised levels increase work times and are therefore of real benefit to long-distance runners. It is unclear how frequently the regimen can be repeated with the same advantageous results. There are possible disadvantages in the regimen, and even dangers in older subjects.