according to the rules of quadruplet relations between concepts, muslim logicians have proved that relation between the negations of two concepts which are equal (musawi) or absolute-general-and-specific (‘amm wa khas-e mutlaq) are, respectively, equal and absolute-specific-and-general; but these rules come across some problems when the most inclusive concepts are involved, since the negation o...

in shiite school, imamate is one of the self-evident doctrinal principles, which is on the same level as prophethood. during the history of shiism, many thinkers and intellectuals have considered this principle in philosophical and theological terms. they have comprehensively elaborated on the characteristics of those, who hold this position. thus, the transcendental theosophy, as one of the ma...

Human emotions are in connection with his deeds on the one hand and his perceptions on the other, and this complicates the analysis of emotion. Furthermore, any school of thought in search of presenting a comprehensive perspective on the human should clarify its stance with regard to emotion and the position it has in the structure of human cognition and deeds. This fact places the answer to th...

in the exposition of man's reality and the interpretation of mutual relation of soul and body, today's human beings are no less astonishment than those in the age of plato. in the present age, although there has been provided the background of scientific research, the materialistic tendencies are found more than before. the main reasons of such a thing are the inadequacy of philosophi...

this article considers all the mulla sadra’s proofs of primacy of existence (asalat al-wujud) found in all his works‚ and concludes that sadra has two approaches in his arguments: (1) to prove the primacy of existence through negation of original attributes from quiddity (mahiyyah), (2) to refute the primacy of quiddity through indirect proof. at the end‚ we conclude that the first approach and...