The generalized degree of polarimetric purity is a vital descriptor widely studied and interpreted for electromagnetic wave characterization. It invariant under the rotation reference frame. In this work, we first propose an alternate expression measure using mean <tex-math notation="LaTeX...

The Australian heroin “drought” was a singular event deserving of the considerable scholarly attention it has engendered. The best way to understand market disruption is to examine both supply and demand side indicators, yet data on the former have been relatively neglected. Here we explore a rich data set on heroin and methamphetamine purity from 1998-2002 in Victoria that support monthly and ...

X-ray powder diffractometry/Rietveld refinement was employed to estimate the purity of several chrysotile powders for calibrating standards. α-Corundum powder was mixed into each chrysotile sample as an internal standard. X-ray diffractometry was performed on these mixtures, and the mass fractions of amorphous and impurity phase content were calculated using Rietveld refinement. The chrysotile ...

The purity, Tr(q), measures how pure or mixed a quantum state q is. It is well known that quantum dynamical semigroups that preserve the identity operator (which we refer to as unital) are strictly purity-decreasing transformations. Here, we provide an almost complete characterization of the class of strictly purity-decreasing quantum dynamical semigroups. We show that in the case of finite-dim...

Atomicity-checking is a powerful approach for finding subtle concurrency errors in shared-memory multithreaded code. The goal is to verify that certain code sections appear to execute atomically to all other threads. This paper extends Farzan and Madhusudan’s recent work on causal atomicity [1], which uses a translation to Petri nets to avoid much of the imprecision of type-system based approac...