Philosophical logic studies the relationships between philosophical stands and logic as well as the logical and philosophical consequences that can be drawn from these connections. There is a good deal of results in this area spread over the second half of last century and, these days, there seems to be a renewed interest in this topic perhaps due to the introduction of ontological concerns in ...

in the evolution of muslim’s philosophical thought, it was sadr al-motaallehin who overcame many of complexities in philosophical studies on the soul and presented a new outlook. it is clear that mulla sadra’s philosophical psychology has been depended upon his special principals. the present research, therefore, is to explain the effect of sadra’s theory of substantial movement, as one of his ...

Anatomical, physiological and metabolic properties of tinnitus have been identified and a comprehensive theory is immerging. The key elements and their interaction are presented in a general fashion highlighting areas of concern such as needed details of individual biosusceptibility and the need for continued tinnitus modeling for predictions as an aid in the development of effective treatment ...

The central issue in the abortion debate is the moral status of the conceptus. There are two positions that argue this issue. At one extreme are the views of the pro-life group which argues that human life begins at the moment of conception whilst at the other are views of the pro-choice group that argues in favour of a woman's right to self-determination. Two basic principles come into conflic...

Altruism is a malleable notion that is understood differently in various disciplines. The common denominator of most definitions of altruism is the idea of unidirectional helping behaviour. However, a closer examination reveals that the term altruism sometimes refers to the outcomes of a helping behaviour for the agent and its neighbours – that is, reproductive altruism – and sometimes to what ...

As remarked in the Introduction to this volume, there are two different phenomena that have been comprehended under the title of ‘generics’: (a) reference to kinds and (b) some statements of generality. Reference to kinds is a feature of (some) noun phrases, since it is (some) NPs that can accomplish reference. Meanwhile, generic statements involve an entire sentence, since it is entire sentenc...

urban form has undergone tremendous changes throughout history. these changes have stemmed from various causes. technology has been one of the most influential forces in changing the face of cities, leaving different marks on the city form. in fact, technology has gained an increasingly more important and integrative role in bringing changes to the urban form. in addition, recent plethora of de...

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