Soil depth is a major soil characteristic commonly used in distributed hydrological modeling in order to present watershed subsurface attributes. It strongly affects water infiltration and accordingly runoff generation, subsurface moisture storage, vertical and lateral moisture movement, saturation thickness and plant root depth in the soil. The objective of this study is to develop a statistic...

Severe lack of data on soil erosion and sedimentation in many national watersheds requires the application of appropriate empirical methods for their estimation. This study is aimed to evaluate the efficiencies of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and some of its variations including MUSLT, MUSLE-E, MUSLE-S and AUSLE in semi-arid climates. This study was undertaken on standard plots in the ra...

The appropriate use of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model depends on how well its parameters are calibrated. Generally, rainfall-runoff models deal with numerous parameters that cannot be measured directly and should be estimated through optimization tools. The purpose of the optimization approach is to finalize the best set of parameters associated with a given calibration data set that optimi...

implicit and unobserved errors and vulnerabilities issues usually arise in cryptographic protocols and especially in authentication protocols. this may enable an attacker to make serious damages to the desired system, such as having the access to or changing secret documents, interfering in bank transactions, having access to users’ accounts, or may be having the control all over the syste...

Babolroud watershed and Mazandaran province of such as are that in recent years, different extreme events have been happened. On this basis, emphasize necessity to investigate further on impact of climate change on watershed runoff. This work is done by climate change and rainfall-runoff models that able to simulate and calculate of climate changes impact on hydrologic components Including prec...

The phenomenon of evapotranspiration causes water and moisture losses from water, soil and vegetation levels. Due to the small amount of atmospheric precipitation and water resource constraints in Iran, it is important to calculate it through a suitable method. The present research attempts to evaluate the evapotranspiration reference crop (ETo) and present it in the form of zoning map as a bas...

Underground dams are structures that block the natural flow of groundwater and causes underground water resources. In this study, at first18 prone area stounderground Dams were identified using Boolean logic and geology parameters, land use, slope, distance from roads and distance from fault. In the discussion of underground dams, subsurface flow has high importance so that if there is not suit...