Considering the problem of IP multicast implementation in routers, in recent years, a lot of alternative methods have been introduced of the application layer multicast (ALM), for one-tomany content distribution. The present study aims to provide a new Algorithm in the field of ALM, to reduce the delay in peer to peer content distribution network (P2P), based on cooperation of M-ary and cluster...

In this paper an "Augmented Binary Tree" architecture is proposed with a view to provide faulttolerance. This architecture is an augmentation of an n-level full binary tree with n redundant nodes and 2+3n-6 redundant links. The AB-tree can be configured into a full binary tree even when one node is faulty at each level. While functionally equivalent to the RAE-tree [13], the proposed AB-tree ha...

Hierarchical feedback aggregation is an enhancement to the RTP/RTCP (Real Time Protocol/Real Time Control Protocol) when the SSM (Source-Specific Multicast) is employed. The main purpose of feedback transmission is to provide information about media delivery and information needed for RTP/RTCP session management. This paper deals with a tree structure for hierarchical feedback aggregation speci...

We propose an approach for data clustering based on optimum-path forest. The samples are taken as nodes of a graph, whose arcs are defined by an adjacency relation. The nodes are weighted by their probability density values (pdf) and a connectivity function is maximized, such that each maximum of the pdf becomes root of an optimumpath tree (cluster), composed by samples “more strongly connected...

Proof: Maximum R′ G(x, y) includes λG(r) of the root r in G. Further, it should include the coalescence ranks of the internal nodes lying at the lowest levels of the either side of the root. For a height balanced complete binary gene tree, coalescence rank of each of the lowest level internal nodes is N (dlgNe 1) = N + 1 dlgNe. So, maximum R′ G(x, y) will twice include the values from (N + 1 dl...

in order to investigate some silvicultural and soil physico-chemical characteristics of christ's thorn (ziziphus spina christi l. desf.) natural stands, ten natural stands of the tree species which have similar climate and aspects were selected and altitude from sea level (asl), the thickest sprout collar diameter (tscd) and total tree height (th) of the tree species were measured in 1000 ...

We propose a language modeling and adaptation framework using Bayesian structural maximum a posteriori (SMAP) principle, in which each n-gram event is embedded in a branch of a tree structure. The nodes in the first layer of this tree structure represent the unigrams, and those in the second layer represent the bigrams, and so on. Each node in the tree structure has an associated hyper-paramete...