Some photosynthetic organisms benefit from elevated levels of carbon dioxide, but studies on the effects of elevated PCO(2) on the algal symbionts of animals are very few. This study investigated the impact of hypercapnia on a photosynthetic symbiosis between the anemone Anthopleura elegantissima and its zooxanthella Symbiodinium muscatinei. Anemones were maintained in the laboratory for 1 week...

changes in chlorophyll florescence is one of the physiological responses of plants to waterlogging stress. due to easily measured in field and its inexpensive and non-destructive characteristics, it is one of the best ways to assess different genotypes tolerance to stresses. in this experiment, trends of chlorophyll fluorescence index (fv/fm) of ‘satsuma’ mandarin (citrus unshiu) on seven roots...

salinity is one of the environmental stresses that have limited influence on the crop growth. oxidative process is a secondary stress due to salinity. oregano is enumerated as one of the most important of medicinal plant that its production and development is possible in iran. in order to study the effect of exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide on salt tolerance in oregano (origanum major...

the effluent quality of a sewage treatment plant using activated sludge process and finally secondary treatment depends on the flocculation efficiency and settling of the flocs. the survey of various treatment processes in water and wastewater treatment shows that temperature and ph are the important factors affecting efficiency of flocculation and settling properties. this study was performed ...

to study  the effect of powdery mildew on sugar beet yield and percentage of sugar losses sugar percent losses, ten genotypes were compared in a factorial  experiment based on  randomized complete block design with 3 replications and two factors. the first factor was spraying treatment with two levels and the second were genotypes. inoculation was carried out using the pathogens' conidial ...

In this study, the effect of seed priming using ascorbic acid (ASA) on three commercial wheat cultivars i.e., Punjab-2011, Faisalabad-2008, and Ujala-2016 under salinity stress in both homogenous heterogeneous environments has been investigated. It revealed that different levels have significantly reduced growth attributes like percent germination, germination index, radical & plumule length, v...

there are different materials and compounds in water that determine its chemical and physical quality. as the result of special conditions such as increase and decrease in discharge, water quality can vary. one of these conditions is drought that decreases discharge, and water quality changes. in this study, droughts of sistan and baluchistan province have been analyzed using standardized preci...

in recent years application of plant growth regulators especially growth retardants, has been significantly increased. trizols (paclobutrzol and trinexapac-ethyl) as the most effective and least harmful growth retardants, induce more dwarf and denser cover plants with both darker and thicker leaves.  therefore, an experiment based on completely randomized block design with 16 treatments and 3 r...