33 High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a damage-associated molecule implicated in 34 mediating kidney dysfunction in sepsis and sterile inflammatory disorders. HMGB1 is a nuclear 35 protein released extracellularly in response to infection or injury, where it interacts with TLR4 36 and other receptors to mediate inflammation. Previously we demonstrated that LPS inhibits 37 HCO3 absorption in t...

Carbonic anhydrase enzymes (CAs) catalyse the reversible hydration of CO2 to H+ and HCO3- ions. This catalysis is proposed to be harnessed by acid/base transporters, to facilitate their transmembrane flux activity, either through direct protein-protein binding (a 'transport metabolon') or local functional interaction. Flux facilitation has previously been investigated by heterologous co-express...

This study evaluates the cause of salinization in an irrigation scheme 100 ha supplied from a reservoir. The is located Gumselasa catchment (28 km2), Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. underlain by limestone–shale–marl intercalations with dolerite intrusion and some recent sediments. Water balance computation, hydrochemical analyses water quality methods were used this investigation. Surface wat...

To examine the mechanism by which mineralocorticoids regulate HCO3- absorption in the rabbit inner stripe of the outer medullary collecting duct, we microfluorometrically measured intracellular pH (pHi) in in vitro perfused tubules using 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) assaying the apical and basolateral membrane H+/OH-/HCO3- transport processes in three groups of animal...

Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by watery stools with C1- concentration around 150 meq/liter. We have perfused the colon of three patients and their three healthy siblings with different salt solutions containing 36C1- to determine the nature of the colonic defect in CCD. In the controls, net absorption of Na+ and C1- occurred against ste...

Measurements of Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Hg, and Fe heavy metals and major elements and components such as Ca, HCO3, SO4, Na, K, Mg and Cl in soluble rain fractions were performed on rainwater collected at Arak plain during the rainy seasons of 2012. Concentrations of the heavy metals in the soluble fractions decreased for Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, As and Hg, respectively and the major elements and compon...

cAMP is an evolutionary conserved, prototypic second messenger regulating numerous cellular functions. In mammals, cAMP is synthesized by one of 10 homologous adenylyl cyclases (ACs): nine transmembrane enzymes and one soluble AC (sAC). Among these, only sAC is directly activated by bicarbonate (HCO3(-)); it thereby serves as a cellular sensor for HCO3(-), carbon dioxide (CO2), and pH in physio...

Carlin, Ryan W., Rebecca R. Quesnell, Ling Zheng, Kathy E. Mitchell, and Bruce D. Schultz. Functional and molecular evidence for Na -HCO3 cotransporter in porcine vas deferens epithelia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 283: C1033–C1044, 2002. First published May 22, 2002; 10.1152/ ajpcell.00493.2001.—This study focused on the role of sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC1) in cAMP-stimulated ion tran...

The gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) intestine secretes base mainly in the form of HCO3- via apical anion exchange to serve Cl- and water absorption for osmoregulatory purposes. Luminal HCO3- secretion rates measured by pH-stat techniques in Ussing chambers rely on oxidative energy metabolism and are highly temperature sensitive. At 25 degrees C under in vivo-like conditions, secretion rates averag...