It goes without saying that crude oil is important for both developed and emerging economies, with crude oil-related expenditures representing a significant proportion of total economic inputs, and an even more substantial share of total energy consumption. For example, energy expenditures of about $1,233 billion in the US currently account for some 8.8% of its GDP (from a high of 13.7% in 1981...

Could propane from Alaska’s North Slope reduce energy costs for electric utilities and residential space heating, water heating, and cooking demands? We explored the hypothesis that propane is a viable alternative for fourteen selected communities along the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers, coastal Alaska, and Fairbanks. Our analysis forecasts propane and fuel prices at the wholesale and retail level...

The biodegradation of South Louisiana (SL) crude oil and the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron supplements on this process were compared in a polluted (10,900 oil degraders per liter) and in a relatively clean (750 oil degraders per liter) littoral seawater sample taken along the New Jersey coast. Without supplements, the biodegradation of SL crude oil was negligible in both seawater sa...

A laboratory study was undertaken to assess the optimal conditions for biodegradation of Bombay High (BH) crude oil. Among 130 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Micrococcus sp. GS2-22, Corynebacterium sp. GS5-66, Flavobacterium sp. DS5-73, Bacillus sp. DS6-86 and Pseudomonas sp. DS10-129 were selected for the study based on the efficiency of crude oil...

Oil theft always results in huge economic loss, human casualties, and extremely environmental pollution especially when the leaks from crude oil pipeline are not detected and repaired timely. In this paper, we focus on how to detect and monitor abnormal noise and vibration beforehand or in real time by the Internet of Things (IoT). Firstly, the diversities of crude oil theft and the difficultie...

The present work aims to investigate the effects of the addition of waste cooking oil (WCO) on heavy crude oil biodegradation and microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) using Pseudomonas sp. SWP-4. Growth kinetics show Pseudomonas sp. SWP-4 had a maximum dry cell weight of 1.73 g/L and cell-surface hydrophobicity of 62.4% against n-hexadecane when degraded the crude oil with the addition of WCO...

In this study the LC50 96h values of water-soluble fractions (WSF) of the Caspian Sea ? exploited crude oil were determined in beluga, Huso huso fingerlings. The fingerlings averaged 2.42 ? 0.11 g in weight were exposed to WSF crude oil at concentrations 24.75, 27, 29.25, 31.5, 33.75, 36, 38.25 ppm. The treatments were performed in three replicates and all changes in the specimens were determin...

PURPOSE To evaluate the causes of retinal detachment after silicone oil removal, to define possible risk factors and the anatomical and functional prognosis of this complication. METHODS 112 eyes that underwent silicone oil removal were included. The group of eyes with retinal detachment after oil removal (18/112 eyes, 16.1%) was compared with the group with no postoperative retinal detachmen...

Commodity prices tend to be volatile, and volatility itself varies over time. Changes in volatility can affect market variables by directly affecting the marginal value of storage, and by affecting a component of the total marginal cost of production: the opportunity cost of exercising the option to produce the commodity now rather than waiting for more price information. I examine the role of ...

Commodity prices tend to be volatile, and volatility itself varies over time. Changes in volatility can affect market variables by directly affecting the marginal value of storage, and by affecting a component of the total marginal cost of production: the opportunity cost of exercising the option to produce the commodity now rather than waiting for more price information. I examine the role of ...